Bedrock is the solid rock underneath the loose soil. Reach bedrock, anchored into bedrock, the bedrock of the argument.
How deep it lies decides what can be built above it, and a tall building is usually tied down into it. The figurative sense is at least as common: the bedrock of a case is the part that would survive everything else being taken away.
1nounbedrockThe solid rock underneath the loose soil.
“The builders had to dig through three metres of clay to reach bedrock.”
bedrock is rock.
Bed plus rock. Bed here is the geological sense of a layer, which is very old in English.
From bed + rock.
Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA