Impoverished means made very poor, or drained of richness. An impoverished family, impoverished soil, an impoverished vocabulary.
The participle matters: impoverished says somebody was made poor by something, where poor merely describes the state — which is why it appears in writing about policy and history. Of soil it means stripped of nutrients. Note poverty; and that the Latin pauper means poor.
1adjectiveimpoverishedMade very poor, or drained of richness.
“The charity builds schools in impoverished villages with no running water.”
impoverished is a state of poverty.