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lean

UK/ˈliːn/US/ˈliːn/
verbB26 meaningsVery common — you will meet it every day · #2,382 of 15,258neutral

Other forms: leaning, leaned, leans

To lean is to tip your body out of upright, nearly always against something that will take your weight. You lean on a fence to watch the match, lean over the table to see the map, lean back until the chair complains.

Objects lean as well: a ladder leans against a wall, and the tower at Pisa leans and does very little else. Lean ON somebody means rely on them — or, harder, put pressure on them until they agree. Lean TOWARDS means half-prefer: I'm leaning towards the blue one. There is a separate adjective spelled the same and worth keeping apart: lean meat has little fat, a lean year is a poor one, and a lean company has had everything spare cut out of it. The past tense is leaned in American English and often leant in British, both sounding like lent.

Definitions of lean

  1. 1verbtiltTo bend or tip your body away from upright.B2

    “She leaned over the counter to read the small print.”

    synonyms: tilt, incline

  2. 2verbleanTo rest against something, or to rest something against a support.B2

    “He leaned his bike against the wall and went inside.”

  3. 3verbdependTo depend on somebody for help.B2

    “She leaned on her sister badly that winter.”

  4. 4verbfavourTo favour one option or opinion slightly.B2

    “The committee is leaning towards the cheaper design.”

  5. 5adjectivefatHaving little or no fat.B2

    “Buy the lean mince, not the cheap one.”

  6. 6adjectivemeagrePoor, thin in resources, producing little.C1

    “They got through some lean years before the shop turned a profit.”

    synonyms: meagre, sparse

Too few real examples of this word to estimate which sense is commonest.

Phrases it lives in

  • lean and mean — stripped of anything unnecessary and ready to compete hard

Where it comes from

Lean comes straight down the Germanic line: Old English hleonian, "to lean, recline, rest", from Proto-Germanic hlināną, "to lean, incline", and behind that the Proto-Indo-European root ḱley-. That root travelled into other branches too, which is why climate and cline are distant cousins of this very ordinary verb. German lehnen is the same word, still leaning.

  1. Proto-Indo-European

    *ḱley-

  2. Proto-Germanic

    *hlināną — to lean, incline

  3. Proto-West Germanic

    *hlinēn

  4. Old English

    hleonian

  5. Middle English

    lenen — to lean

  6. English, today

    lean

Built from

  • hlinian · Old English — to lean, recline, lie down, rest

From Middle English lenen (“to lean”), from Old English hleonian, hlinian (“to lean, recline, lie down, rest”), from Proto-West Germanic hlinēn, from Proto-Germanic hlināną (“to lean, incline”), from Proto-Indo-European ḱley-. Cognate via Proto-Germanic with Middle Dutch leunen (“to lean”), German lehnen (“to lean”); via Proto-Indo-European with climate, cline.

Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA

Practised in Everyday Verbs, A Man Called Ove, Ways of Moving

First appears in chapter 1 of A Man Called Ove.

Practise this word

lean in the wild

  • When sitting, the torso is more or less upright, although sometimes it can lean against other objects for a more relaxed posture.

    Sitting

  • People may lean forward in an effort to open the airway.

    Epiglottitis

  • Example foods in a high-protein diet include lean beef, chicken or poultry, pork, salmon and tuna, eggs, and soy.

    High-protein diet

  • Races are held on the same tracks as solo motocross but the handling of the machines differs as sidecars don't lean.

    2002 Sidecarcross World Championship

  • Langton went on to play a key part for Kilkenny during a lean era for the county, and won two All-Ireland medals and seven Leinster medals.

    Jim Langton

From Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 4.0. These sentences were written by other people about their own subjects; they are here to show the word at work, not as anybody’s opinion.

Related words

  • lean in
  • lean-to