Other forms: recharged, recharging, recharges
To recharge is to fill a battery again — or to fill yourself. Both meanings are in daily use.
The literal one arrived with rechargeable batteries and has never left: recharge your phone, recharge the drill, plug it in and let it recharge overnight. The human sense followed naturally, because English has long described tiredness as an empty battery. A week off to recharge, a quiet Sunday to recharge. The full phrase, recharge your batteries, is now far commoner than any literal use with an actual battery in it.
Old French
rechargier
English, today
recharge
From Old French rechargier, from Old French re- + Old French chargier.
Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA