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roughly

UK/ˈɹʌf.li/US/ˈɹʌf.li/
adverbB22 meaningsCommon in everyday speech and writing · #4,703 of 15,258leans written

Roughly means more or less, give or take a bit. Roughly ten, roughly speaking, roughly the same.

As a hedge before a number it is the everyday equivalent of approximately, and roughly speaking introduces a simplification. The other sense is about manner: handled roughly, treated roughly — which is physical and usually a complaint. Note rough, roughness; and that a rough guide, a rough draft and a rough idea all use rough in the sense of unfinished rather than harsh.

Definitions of roughly

  1. 1adverbroughlyMore or less; give or take a bit.B2

    “The two boxes are roughly the same size, so either will do.”

  2. 2adverbharshIn a harsh or violent manner.B2

    “The guard pushed the prisoner roughly into the back of the van.”

roughly is a manner of approximation.

Also accepted in games: approximately, about

Where it comes from

  1. Proto-Germanic

    *rūhaz

  2. Old English

    rūg

  3. Middle English

    rough

  4. English

    rough

  5. English, today

    roughly

From rough + -ly. rough comes from Middle English rough, roughe, roȝe, row, rou, ru, ruȝ, ruh, from Old English rūg, rūh, from Proto-Germanic rūhaz. Cognate with Scots ruch, rouch (“rough”), stq ruuch, rouch (“rough”), West Frisian rûch (“rough”), Low German ruuch (“rough”), Dutch ruig (“rough”), German rau (“rough”), Danish ru (“uneven on the surface, "rough", "rugged"”).

Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA

Practised in Everyday Adjectives

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Related words

  • rough