Disabled describes a person with a condition that limits movement, the senses or daily activity. A fact about circumstances, not a judgement.
The language here matters and has changed within living memory. Disabled people is the preferred phrase in Britain, on the argument that people are disabled by barriers in the world rather than by their bodies, while people with disabilities is preferred in much of America. Handicapped is now avoided. There is a separate mechanical sense, since a disabled vehicle is one that cannot move, and a feature can be disabled in software.
From disable + -ed.
Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA