Other forms: sharper, sharpest, sharply
Sharp is what a knife is when it cuts without you leaning on it. A new blade, a splinter of glass on the kitchen floor, the corner of a table you catch your hip on in the dark.
The word travels a long way from knives. A sharp turn bends hard, a sharp rise on a chart goes up almost straight, and a sharp pain arrives all at once and is gone. A sharp smell — vinegar, cut onions, a cleaning cloth — hits the back of the nose. People are sharp when they think quickly and sharp when they dress well, but take care: call somebody sharp about money and you are saying they are a little dishonest. In music a note played sharp is slightly too high. And at three o'clock sharp, sharp means exactly.
Shares are an estimate: a language model read 139 sentences found in the wild and placed 44 of them on a sense (95 were unclear) — a count of our sample, not a measurement of English.
Old English sċearp, from a root that means nothing more than cut — Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker-, the one behind shear. German scharf and Dutch scherp are the same word, unchanged in the mouth for a thousand years. Everything the word does now comes out of that single idea, lifted off the blade and laid on a road, a price, a pain and a smell.
Proto-Indo-European
*(s)ker- (cut)
Proto-Indo-European
*(s)kerb-
Proto-Germanic
*skarpaz
Proto-West Germanic
*skarp
Old English
sċearp
Middle English
scharp
English, today
sharp
Built from
From Middle English scharp, from Old English sċearp, from Proto-West Germanic skarp, from Proto-Germanic skarpaz, from Proto-Indo-European (s)kerb-, from (s)ker- (“to cut”). Cognate with West Frisian skerp, Low German scherp, scharp, schaarp, Dutch scherp, German scharf, Danish skarp. Compare Irish cearb (“keen; cutting”), Latin acerbus (“tart, bitter”), Tocharian B kärpye (“rough”), Latvian skârbs (“sharp, rough”), Russian щерба (“notch”), Polish szczerba (“gap, dent, jag, chip, nick, notch”), Albanian harb (“rudeness”). More at shear.
Etymology from Wiktionary, CC BY-SA