Academic English
Education · 176 words
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176 words
- abbreviation/əˌbɹiː.viˈeɪ.ʃən/noun · B1+A shortened form of a word, like Dr for doctor.
- abstract/ˈæbˌstɹækt/noun · C1The short paragraph at the top of a paper that sums up the whole study.
- academia/ˌæk.əˈdiː.mɪ.ə/noun · C1The world of universities and research as a whole.
- acronym/ˈækɹənɪm/noun · B2+A word built from first letters, like NASA.
- aggregate/ˈæɡ.ɹɪ.ɡət/verb · C1To gather separate figures into one total.
- allocate/ˈæl.ə.keɪt/verb · C1To officially divide money or time among different uses.
- alumnus/əˈlʌmnəs/noun · C1A former student of a school or university.
- ambiguous/æmˈbɪɡ.ju.əs/adjective · B2+Open to more than one reading.
- analogy/əˈnæləd͡ʒi/noun · C1Explaining one thing by comparing it to something alike.
- analysis/əˈnælɪsɪs/noun · B1+A careful examination that takes something apart to understand it.
- annotation/ˌæn.əˈteɪ.ʃən/noun · C1A note added to a text to explain or comment on it.
- antonym/ˈæn.təˌnɪm/noun · B1A word meaning the opposite of another word.
- appendix/əˈpɛn.dɪks/noun · B2Extra material attached at the end of a document; also, a small body organ.
- approximation/əˌpɹɒk.sɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+An answer close enough to be useful.
- arbitrary/ˈɑː.bɪ.tɹə.ɹi/adjective · C1Decided on a whim, with no reason behind it.
- archaeology/ˌɑː.kiˈɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/noun · B1+The study of ancient life by digging up what it left behind.
- articulate/ɑː(ɹ)ˈtɪk.jʊ.lət/verb · C1To express an idea clearly in words.
- astronomy/əˈstɹɒn.ə.mi/noun · B2The science of stars, planets, and everything beyond Earth.
- attribute/ˈæt.ɹɪ.bjuːt/verb · C1To say what something was caused by or made by.
- benchmark/ˈbɛnt͡ʃmɑːk/noun · B2+The standard other performances are measured against.
- bias/ˈbaɪ.əs/noun · B2+A built-in leaning toward one side of a story.
- bibliography/bɪbliˈɒɡɹəfi/noun · B2+The list of all sources at the end of a paper.
- case study/ˈkeɪs ˌstʌdi/noun · B2A deep detailed study of one single example.
- categoriseverb · B2+To sort things into named groups.
- causation/kɔːˈzeɪ.ʃən/noun · C1The relationship where one thing genuinely produces another.
- citation/ˌsaɪˈteɪʃn̩/noun · C1A formal pointer to the source you borrowed an idea from.
- cite/saɪt/verb · B2+To formally name the source of an idea or quote.
- coherent/kəʊˈhɪə.ɹənt/adjective · B2+Holding together logically, piece after piece.
- compelling/kəmˈpɛlɪŋ/adjective · C1So convincing it is hard to argue with.
- comprehensive/ˌkɒm.pɹɪˈhɛn.sɪv/adjective · B2+Covering everything that matters, with nothing left out.
- comprise/kəmˈpɹaɪz/verb · C1To be made up of certain parts.
- concise/kənˈsaɪs/adjective · B2+Saying everything needed in very few words.
- concurrent/kəŋˈkʌɹənt/adjective · C1Happening at the same time as something else.
- consensus/kənˈsɛnsəs/noun · C1General agreement reached by a whole group after discussion.
- constant/ˈkɒnstənt/noun · B2A quantity deliberately kept the same throughout.
- constitute/ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/verb · C1To be the parts that make up a whole.
- correlation/ˌkɒɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+A statistical link between two things — which is not yet causation.
- corroborate/kəˈɹɒbəɹeɪ̯t/verb · C1To confirm what somebody else has found.
- courseworknoun · B2The assignments done during a course that count toward the grade.
- cram/kɹæm/verb · B2To force a term's worth of study into the night before the exam.
- credential/kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/noun · C1A qualification that proves you are entitled to do something.
- criterion/kɹɪˈtɪəɹi.ən/noun · B2+A single standard used to judge something — its plural ends in -a.
- critique/kɹɪˈtiːk/noun · B2+A detailed judgment of a work's strengths and weaknesses.
- dean/diːn/noun · B2The head of a university faculty or college.
- deduction/dɪˈdʌkʃən/noun · B2+Reasoning from a general rule down to a particular case.
- demonstrate/ˈdɛm.ənˌstɹeɪt/verb · B2To show clearly how something works or that it is true.
- denote/dɪˈnəʊt/verb · C2To be the sign or name for something.
- derive/dɪˈɹaɪv/verb · B2+To draw or obtain something from a source — pleasure, words, or formulas.
- deviation/ˌdiː.viˈeɪʃən/noun · B2+The distance a value sits from the expected one.
- differentiate/dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/verb · C1To see or show the difference between things.
- discourse/ˈdɪs.kɔːs/<q:mainly noun>noun · C1The ongoing written and spoken conversation of a field or society.
- dissertation/ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃən/noun · C1The book-length research project written for a doctorate.
- distribution/ˌdɪstɹɪˈbjuːʃən/noun · B2How values spread out across a range.
- economics/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/noun · B2+The study of money, markets, and how people trade.
- elaborate/ɪˈlæb.(ə.)ɹət/verb · B2To give more detail about what you have said.
- elective/ɪˈlɛktɪv/noun · B2+A course you choose freely rather than must take.
- empirical/ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/adjective · C1Based on observed evidence and experiment, not pure theory.
- encompass/ɪnˈkʌmpəs/verb · C1To include a wide range within its scope.
- enroll/ɪnˈɹəʊl/verb · B1+To officially sign up as a student or member.
- entail/ɛnˈteɪl/verb · C1To have as a necessary part or consequence.
- estimate/ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/verb · B2To judge a number roughly without measuring exactly.
- excerpt/ˈɛɡzɜː(p)t/noun · B2+A short passage taken out of a longer text.
- explicit/ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt/adjective · C1Spelled out fully and directly, nothing left to guess.
- extrapolate/ɛkˈstɹæp.əˌleɪt/verb · C1To extend a known trend past the data you have.
- facilitate/fəˈsɪlɪteɪt/verb · C1A formal word for making a process easier.
- faculty/ˈfæk.əl.ti/noun · C1The teaching staff of a university, or one of its departments.
- fellowship/ˈfɛl.ə(ʊ).ʃɪp/noun · C1Funded status given to a researcher at a university.
- fieldwork/ˈfiːldwɜːk/noun · B2+Research done out in the real world, not the library or lab.
- fluctuation/flʌkt͡ʃuːˈeɪʃən/noun · C2An up-and-down movement around an average.
- footnote/ˈfʊtˌnəʊt/noun · B2+A small note at the bottom of the page, marked by a tiny number.
- formulate/ˈfɔː(ɹ)mjʊleɪt/verb · C1To work an idea out into a precise, careful form.
- framework/ˈfɹeɪm.wɜːk/noun · B2The supporting structure of ideas a piece of work is built inside.
- freshman/ˈfɹɛʃ.mən/noun · B1+A first-year student, in American English.
- glossary/ˈɡlɒs.ə.ɹi/noun · B2+The alphabetical list of hard words and their meanings at the back of a book.
- grant/ɡɹɑːnt/noun · B2Money given, not lent, to fund study or research.
- honors/ˈɑn.ɚz/noun · B2The distinction awarded to degrees earned with excellent grades.
- hypothesis/haɪˈpɒθɪsɪs/noun · B2+A scientist's educated guess, waiting to be tested.
- hypothetical/ˌhaɪpəˈθɛtɪkəl/adjective · C2Supposed for the sake of argument.
- illustrate/ˈɪl.jʊˌstɹeɪt/verb · B2To make a point clear with pictures or examples.
- implement/ˈɪmpləmənt/verb · B2+To take a plan off the paper and make it actually happen.
- implicit/ɪmˈplɪsɪt/adjective · C1Understood without being said out loud.
- induction/ɪnˈdʌkʃən/noun · C1Reasoning from particular cases up to a general rule.
- inference/ˈɪn.fə.ɹəns/noun · C1A conclusion reached from evidence rather than stated outright.
- inherent/ɪnˈhɪəɹənt/adjective · C1Built into the very nature of a thing.
- integrate/ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡɹeɪt/verb · B2+To bring separate parts or people together into one working whole.
- interpolate/ɪnˈtɜː.pəˌleɪt/verb · C2To work out a value that falls between two known ones.
- intrinsic/ɪnˈtɹɪn.zɪk/adjective · C2Valuable in itself, not for what it leads to.
- journal/ˈd͡ʒɝnəl/noun · B1A periodical publishing scholarly articles.
- lecture/ˈlɛk.t͡ʃə/noun · B1A long talk one professor gives to a hall of students.
- magnitude/ˈmæɡnɪtjuːd/noun · C1A number saying how big something is, especially a quake.
- margin of errornoun · B2How far a result might be from the true value.
- methodology/ˌmɛθ.əˈdɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/noun · C1The system of procedures a study follows to get its results.
- metric/ˈmɛt.ɹɪk/noun · B2+A number chosen to measure how well something works.
- model/ˈmɒd.l̩/noun · A1A person whose job is to display clothes.
- module/ˈmɒdjuːl/noun · B1+One self-contained unit of a longer course.
- negligible/ˈnɛɡlɪd͡ʒɪbəl/adjective · C1So small it can safely be ignored.
- notation/noʊˈteɪʃən/noun · C1The agreed set of symbols a field writes in.
- orientation/ˌɔː.ɹi.ənˈteɪ.ʃən/noun · C1The welcome sessions that show newcomers how everything works.
- outlier/ˈaʊtˌlaɪə(ɹ)/noun · C1A result that sits far away from all the others.
- paradigm/ˈpæɹ.ə.daɪm/noun · C1The whole framework of thinking a field shares — until a shift replaces it.
- parameter/pəˈɹæm.ɪ.tə/noun · C1A value that sets the conditions of a model.
- paraphrase/ˈpæɹəfɹeɪz/verb · B2+To restate someone's words in your own.
- pedagogy/ˈpɛdəˌɡɒd͡ʒi/noun · C2The art and science of teaching itself.
- peer/pɪə/verb · B2To look very hard at something difficult to see.
- peer reviewnoun · C1The checking of a study by other experts before it is published.
- pertinent/ˈpəːtɪnənt/adjective · C1Directly to the point being discussed.
- philosophy/fɪˈlɒs.ə.fi/noun · B2The study of truth, existence, and how to live — by pure thinking.
- plagiarism/ˈpleɪd͡ʒəɹɪzəm/noun · B2+Passing off someone else's writing or ideas as your own.
- plausible/ˈplɔː.zɪ.bl̩/adjective · C1Believable enough to be true — though perhaps not.
- population/ˌpɒp.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/noun · B1The number of people living in a place.
- postgraduate/ˌpəʊstˈɡɹædju.ət/noun · B2+A student who already holds a first degree and studies on.
- postulate/ˈpɒstjʊlət/verb · C1To assume something as a starting point.
- predominant/pɹɪˈdɒmɪnənt/adjective · B2+The most common or strongest of its kind.
- prefix/ˈpɹiːfɪks/noun · B2+Letters added to the front of a word to change its meaning, like un-.
- preliminary/pɹɪˈlɪmɪn(ə)ɹi/adjective · C1Coming first, before the real work.
- premise/ˈpɹɛm.ɪs/noun · C1The starting assumption an argument is built on.
- prerequisite/pɹiːˈɹɛkwɪzɪt/noun · B2+The course or condition you must complete before you may start another.
- prevalent/ˈpɹɛvələnt/adjective · B2+Widespread; found in many places.
- prior/ˈpɹaɪ.ə/adjective · B2Existing or happening before.
- prioritiseverb · B2+To decide what must be dealt with first.
- proofread/ˈpɹuːfɹiːd/verb · B2+To read a text hunting for small mistakes before it goes out.
- proportion/pɹəˈpɔɹʃən/noun · B2One part measured against the whole.
- psychology/saɪˈkɒl.ə.d͡ʒɪ/noun · B1+The science of the mind and why people behave as they do.
- qualitative/ˈkwɒl.ɪ.tə.tɪv/adjective · C2Describing qualities — interviews and observations, not numbers.
- quantify/ˈkwɒn.tɪˌfaɪ/verb · C1To express something as a number.
- quantitative/ˈkwɒntɪtətɪv/adjective · C1Measured in numbers and statistics.
- ratio/ˈɹeɪ.ʃi.əʊ/noun · C1The relationship between two amounts, as a comparison.
- rationale/ˌɹæʃ.əˈnɑːl/noun · C1The set of reasons behind a decision or study.
- rebuttal/ɹɪˈbʌt.əl/noun · C1An answer that argues against a criticism.
- refute/ɹɪˈfjuːt/verb · C1To prove a claim wrong.
- relevant/ˈɹɛləvənt/adjective · B2Connected to the matter being discussed; to the point.
- reliabilitynoun · C1Whether repeating a study gives the same answer.
- respective/ɹɪˈspɛktɪv/adjective · C1Belonging to each one separately.
- revise/ɹɪˈvaɪz/verb · B1+To study again before an exam; also, to improve a draft.
- rhetoric/ˈɹɛtəɹɪk/noun · C1The art of speaking to persuade — and, often, empty grand talk.
- rhyme/ɹaɪm/noun · B2The matching end-sounds of words, as in cat and hat.
- rigorous/ˈɹɪɡəɹəs/adjective · B2+Careful and exact, leaving no loose ends.
- robust/ɹəʊˈbʌst/adjective · C1Strongly built to survive rough treatment.
- sabbatical/səˈbætɪkəl/noun · C1A long paid break professors take to research or rest.
- sample/ˈsɑːm.pəl/noun · B1The smaller group actually studied, standing for the whole.
- scholar/ˈskɒlə/noun · B2A person devoted to deep learning and study.
- scrutiny/ˈskɹuː.tɪ.ni/noun · C1Intense, detail-by-detail critical inspection.
- seminar/ˈsɛmɪnɑɹ/noun · B2+A small university class built on discussion, not lecturing.
- significance/sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəns/noun · B2The deep weight and meaning of something.
- signify/ˈsɪɡnɪfaɪ/verb · B2+To be a sign of; to mean.
- simile/ˈsɪməli/noun · B2+A comparison using like or as — brave as a lion.
- simulation/ˌsɪm.jʊˈleɪ.ʃn̩/noun · C1A model run on a computer to see what happens.
- skim/skɪm/verb · B2To read very fast, catching only the main points.
- sociology/ˌsəʊsiːˈɒləd͡ʒiː/noun · B1+The science of how societies and groups work.
- subsequent/ˈsʌbsɪkwənt/adjective · B2+Coming after the thing just mentioned.
- subsequent analysisnoun · C1The examination carried out after the first results.
- substantial/səbˈstænʃəl/adjective · C1Large enough to matter.
- substantiate/səbˈstænʃieɪt/verb · C2To back a claim with evidence.
- suffix/ˈsʌfɪks/<q:noun>noun · B2+Letters added to the end of a word, like -ness or -ful.
- summariseverb · B1+To give the main points and leave the rest.
- summarize/ˈsʌməˌɹaɪz/verb · B1+To shrink a long text down to its main points.
- supervisor/ˈsuːpəˌvaɪzə(ɹ)/noun · C1The person directly in charge of your daily work.
- syllable/ˈsɪl.ə.bəl/noun · B2One beat of a word — ba-na-na has three.
- synonym/ˈsɪn.əˌnɪm/noun · B2+A word meaning the same as another word.
- synthesis/ˈsɪnθəsɪs/noun · C1Combining separate ideas or findings into one whole.
- synthesiseverb · C1To combine separate ideas into one new whole.
- tentative/ˈtɛntətɪv/adjective · B2+Offered carefully, and open to change.
- tenure/ˈtɛn.jʊə/noun · C1The permanent job security a professor earns.
- terminology/ˌtɜː.məˈnɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/noun · B2+The special vocabulary of a particular field.
- theoretical/ˌθɪəˈɹɛtɪkəl/adjective · C1Existing in ideas and models rather than in tested practice.
- thesis/ˈθiːsɪs/noun · B2+The long research paper that crowns a university degree; also, a central claim.
- threshold/ˈθɹɛʃəʊld/noun · C1The strip of floor under a doorway — carried across at weddings.
- transcript/ˈtɹæn.skɹɪpt/noun · C1The official record of all your courses and grades.
- trend/tɹɛnd/noun · B1+A new direction in style that suddenly everyone follows.
- tutorial/ˌtjuːˈtɔːɹɪəl/noun · B1+A small teaching session with close guidance; also, a how-to lesson online.
- undergraduatenoun · C1A student working toward a first degree.
- underlyingadjective · C1Lying beneath the surface and explaining it.
- undermine/ˌʌn.dəˈmaɪn/verb · C1To secretly weaken something from below.
- validity/vəˈlɪd.ɪ.ti/noun · C1Whether a study really measures what it claims to.
- variable[ˈvɛə.ɹi.ə.bl̩]noun · B2+Anything in an experiment that can be changed or measured.
- verbatim/vɜːˈbeɪ.tɪm/<a:RP><ref:<<name:COED-etym&RPpron>>>adverb · C2Repeated word for word, exactly as said.