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- citadel/ˈsɪtədəl/noun · B2+The strongest fort guarding a city.
- citation/ˌsaɪˈteɪʃn̩/noun · C1A formal pointer to the source you borrowed an idea from.
- cite/saɪt/verb · B2+To formally name the source of an idea or quote.
- citizen/ˈsɪtɪzən/noun · B1A person who legally belongs to a country or a city.
- citizenship/ˈsɪtɪzənʃɪp/noun · C1The legal status of belonging to a country, passport included.
- citrusy/ˈsɪtɹəsi/adjective · C1Bright and sharp with the note of oranges or lemons.
- city/ˈsɪti/noun · A1A very big town with tall buildings and thousands of people.
- cityscapenoun · B2+The view of a city as a whole.
- citywide/ˈsɪt.iˌwaɪd/adjective · B2+Reaching every part of a city.
- civic/ˈsɪvɪk/adjective · C1To do with a town and the duties of its people.
- civic centrenoun · C1The group of buildings holding a town's public offices.
- civil/ˈsɪv.əl/adjective · B2To do with ordinary citizens rather than the army or the church.
- civil rightsnoun · B2The freedoms every citizen is entitled to.
- civil servantnoun · B2A permanent official who serves whatever government is elected.
- civil servicenoun · B2The permanent staff who run a country's departments.
- civilian/sɪˈvɪl.jən/noun · B2Somebody who is not in the armed forces or the police.
- civilised/ˈsɪv.ɪ.laɪzd/adjective · B2+Having a developed culture and humane customs.
- civility/sɪˈvɪl.ɪ.ti/noun · C1Basic politeness in dealing with people.
- civilization/ˌsɪv.ɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2A society with developed cities, arts and government.
- clack/klæk/verb · B2+To make a short sharp sound of hard things striking.
- clad/klæd/adjective · C1Dressed or covered in something.
- claim/kleɪm/verb · B1To ask an insurer to pay out under a policy.
- claim/kleɪm/noun · B1A statement put forward as true.
- claimant/ˈkleɪ.mənt/noun · C1Somebody who says they have a right to something.
- clam/klæm/noun · B2A shellfish that lives inside two hinged shells.
- clamber/ˈklæmbə/verb · C1To climb awkwardly using hands and feet.
- clammy/ˈklæmi/adjective · C1Damp and cold in an unpleasant way.
- clamp/ˈklæmp/noun · B1+A tool that squeezes two things together and holds them there.
- clan/klæn/noun · B2A group of families claiming a common ancestor.
- clandestine/klænˈdɛst(a)ɪn/adjective · C1Kept secret because it would not be allowed.
- clang/ˈklæŋ/verb · C1To make a loud ringing metallic sound.
- clangour/ˈklæŋ(ɡ)ə/noun · C2A loud continuous ringing din.
- clank/klænk/verb · C1To make a heavy dull metallic sound.
- clap/klæp/verb · A2To hit your two hands together to show you liked it.
- clap your handsphrase · A2To strike the palms together in praise.
- clarification/ˌklæɹɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/noun · B2+An explanation that makes a muddled point clear.
- clarify/ˈklæɹ.ɪ.faɪ/verb · B2+To make a confusing thing clear.
- clarinet/ˌklæɹɪˈnɛt/noun · B2A black tube with a single reed and a warm woody sound.
- clarity/ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/noun · C1The quality of being clear and easy to grasp.
- clarity/ˈklæɹ.ɪ.ti/noun · C1A rating of how free of flaws a stone is.
- clash/ˈklæʃ/noun · C1A violent meeting, or a jarring difference.
- clasp/klɑːsp/verb · B2To hold firmly with the hand or with both arms.
- class/klɑːs/noun · A1A broad social group defined by wealth and background.
- classic/ˈklæsɪk/adjective · B1So good and typical of its kind that it never goes out of style.
- classical/ˈklæs.ɪ.k(ə)l/adjective · B2Belonging to an established formal tradition.
- classical music/ˈklæːsəkəl mjuːzɪk/noun · A2Serious music in the European tradition of Bach and Mozart.
- classicsnoun · C1The study of ancient Greece and Rome.
- classification/ˌklæsɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/noun · C1The sorting of things into groups by type.
- classified/ˈklæsəfaɪd/adjective · B2Officially secret, with access limited by rank.
- classified adnoun · B2A small text advertisement grouped with others by subject.
- classify/ˈklæs.ɪ.faɪ/verb · B2+To sort things into named groups.
- classmate/ˈklɑːs.meɪt/noun · A2+A person who is in the same class as you.
- classroom/ˈklɑːsɹʊm/noun · A1The room where a teacher and pupils have their lessons.
- classy/ˈklɑːsi/adjective · C1Stylish and of evident quality.
- clatter/ˈklætəː/verb · B2To make a rattling noise of hard things knocking together.
- clause/klɔːz/noun · C1One numbered part of an agreement.
- claustrophobia/ˌklɒs.trəˈfəʊ.bi.ə/noun · C1A dread of being shut in small spaces.
- claustrophobicadjective · C1Terrified of closed spaces, or making you feel so.
- claw/klɔ/noun · B1One of the sharp curved nails on an animal's paw.
- clay/kleɪ/noun · B1The heavy sticky earth that pots are shaped from.
- clay soilnoun · B2Heavy sticky ground that holds water and sets hard.
- clean/kliːn/verb · A1To remove all the dirt from something.
- clean/kliːn/adjective · A1Free of any dirt — fresh from washing.
- clean as a whistlephrase · C1Perfectly clean, or completely free of blame.
- clean slatephrase · C1A fresh start with all past mistakes wiped away.
- clean-shavenadjective · B2Having no beard or moustache at all.
- cleaner/ˈkliː.nə/noun · A2+The person whose job is making offices and homes spotless.
- cleanse/klɛnz/verb · B2To wash the skin thoroughly and gently.
- cleansing balmnoun · C1A soft solid that melts to remove make-up.
- clear skynoun · A2A sky with no cloud in it at all.
- clear the airphrase · B2To talk openly and remove bad feeling.
- clear up/klɪəˈɹʌp/phrase · B1To tidy, or for weather to improve.
- clear-cutadjective · B2Sharply defined and leaving no doubt.
- clearance/ˈklɪə̯.ɹəns/noun · B2A sale at slashed prices to empty the shelves of old stock.
- clearing/ˈklɪɹɪŋ/noun · B2An open space within a wood.
- clearly/ˈklɪɚli/adverb · A2In a way that is easy to see or understand.
- cleat/kliːt/noun · C1The fitting that locks a shoe to a pedal.
- cleavage/ˈkliːvɪd͡ʒ/noun · C1The way a mineral splits along flat planes.
- cleave/ˈkliːv/verb · C2To split apart, or to cling faithfully to.
- cleaver/ˈklivɚ/noun · B2+A heavy square blade that chops through bone.
- clef/klɛf/noun · B2+The sign at the start of a staff that fixes the pitches.
- cleft/ˈklɛft/noun · C1A split or a deep narrow opening.
- clemency/ˈklɛ.mən.si/noun · C1Mercy shown by reducing a punishment.
- clement/ˈklɛmənt/adjective · C2Merciful, or mild in weather.
- clench/klɛnt͡ʃ/verb · C1To close your hand or jaw tightly, usually in anger.
- clergy/ˈklɜːdʒi/noun · B2+The priests and ministers of a church taken together.
- clerical/ˈklɛɹɪkəl/adjective · B2+To do with office paperwork, or with the clergy.
- clerk/klɑːk/noun · B2An office or shop worker who handles papers and records.
- clever/ˈklɛv.ə/adjective · A2Quick at learning and understanding things.
- cleverness/ˈklɛvɚnəs/noun · C1Quickness of mind and skill at working things out.
- cliche/kliˈʃeɪ/noun · B2+A phrase so overused it no longer says anything.
- click/klɪk/verb · B1To press a button on the pointer device to choose something on screen.
- click and collect/klɪk ənd kəˈlɛkt/phrase · B2Ordering online and picking the goods up in person.
- click your fingersphrase · B2To snap the fingers to make a sharp sound.
- click-through ratenoun · B2What share of viewers clicked.
- clickbait/ˈklɪkbeɪt/noun · B2The headline written only to make you press it — you won't believe this one.
- clickbait/ˈklɪkbeɪt/noun · B2A headline that promises more than the page gives.
- clicker/ˈklɪkə/noun · B2+A small device used to mark good behaviour.
- client/ˈklaɪ.ənt/noun · B1The person or company that pays a professional for their services.
- clientele[klaɪ.n̩ˈtɛl]noun · C1All the customers of a business taken together.
- cliff/klɪf/noun · B2A high steep wall of rock, often falling straight into the sea.
- cliffhanger/ˌklɪfˈhæŋ.ə(ɹ)/noun · B2+The ending that stops at the worst moment so you must come back.
- climactic/ˌklaɪˈmæk.tɪk/adjective · C1Forming the most intense point of a story or an event.
- climate/ˈklaɪ.mɪt/noun · B1+The usual weather of a place measured over many years.
- climate change/ˈklaɪmət ˌtʃeɪndʒ/noun · B2The long-term warming and disruption of the world's weather.
- climax/ˈklaɪ.mæks/noun · C1The most intense point of a story or an event.
- climb/ˈklaɪ̯m/verb · B1To go up using your hands and feet.
- climber/ˈklaɪmə/noun · B1+Somebody who climbs rock or mountains.
- climbing/ˈklaɪ̯mɪŋ/noun · A2+The sport of going up rock walls using your hands and feet.
- climbing framenoun · B1A structure of bars children climb about on.
- clime/klaɪm/noun · C2A region considered by its weather, in poetic use.
- clinch/klɪnt͡ʃ/verb · C1To settle a deal or a victory beyond doubt.
- cling/ˈklɪŋ/verb · C1To hold on and refuse to let go.
- cling film/ˈklɪŋˌfɪlm/noun · B2The thin stretchy sheet pulled over a bowl of food.
- clingy/ˈklɪŋi/adjective · B2Holding on too tightly for comfort.
- clinic/ˈklɪn.ɪk/noun · B2A small medical center for visits that need no hospital stay.
- clinical/ˈklɪn.ɪ.kəl/adjective · C1To do with treating patients, or coldly detached.
- clink/klɪŋk/verb · B2+To make a light ringing sound of glass or metal.
- clipverb · B2To cut small pieces off neatly.
- clipboardnoun · B1+The invisible place copied text waits in.
- clippers/ˈklɪpɚz/noun · B1+An electric tool that cuts hair very short.
- clique/kliːk/noun · B2+A small closed group that keeps others out.
- cloak/kləʊk/noun · C1A loose sleeveless outer garment hung from the shoulders.
- clobber/ˈklɒb.ə(ɹ)/verb · C1To hit somebody very hard indeed.
- clock/klɒk/noun · A1The round face with moving hands that shows the time on a wall.
- clock inphrase · B2To record the moment you start work.
- clock upphrase · C1To reach a total of miles, hours or wins.
- clockwise/ˈklɒkwaɪz/adverb · B1+Turning the way the hands of a clock go.
- clod/klɒd/noun · C1A lump of earth, or a slow-witted person.
- clog/klɒɡ/verb · B2To block a pipe or opening so nothing can pass.
- cloggedadjective · B2Blocked so that nothing can pass.
- cloister/ˈklɔɪstə/noun · C2A covered walk in a monastery, or a sheltered life.
- cloisteredadjective · C2Kept away from the ordinary world.
- clone/kloʊn/verb · B2To make an exact genetic copy of a living thing.
- clop/klɒp/verb · C1To make the sound of a hoof striking hard ground.
- close/ˈkləʊz/verb · A1To move a door or lid so nothing can pass through.
- close up/kləʊzˈʌp/phrase · B1To shut for the day, or to heal over.
- close-croppedadjective · C1Cut very short.
- close-knit/kləʊs ˈnɪt/adjective · C1Bound together tightly by affection.
- close-up/ˈkləʊsʌp/noun · B1A shot taken very near the subject.
- closed/kləʊzd/adjective · A2Not open — nothing goes in or out.
- closed captionsnoun · B2On-screen text of speech and sound for the deaf.
- closeness/ˈkləʊs.nəs/noun · C1How near two people or things are.
- closet/ˈklɒzɪt/noun · A2The built-in space where clothes hang, in American English.
- closure/ˈkləʊ.ʒə(ɹ)/noun · C1A shutting down, or the settled feeling after an ending.
- clot/klɒt/noun · B2+A thick lump formed when blood sets.
- cloth/klɒθ/noun · B1Woven material that shirts and curtains are made from.
- clothesline/ˈkləʊðzlaɪn/noun · B1+The rope in the garden where wet washing hangs to dry.
- clothespinnoun · B1+The small wooden clip that holds washing on the line.
- cloud/ˈklaʊ̯d/noun · A2The white or grey fluffy thing floating in the sky.
- cloud/ˈklaʊ̯d/noun · B1The far-away computers where your files and photos live online.
- cloudburst/ˈklaʊdˌbɝst/noun · C1A violent fall of rain over a small area.
- cloudy/ˈklaʊ̯diː/adjective · A2+With the sky covered in grey and white.
- clout/klaʊt/noun · C1Influence, or a heavy blow.
- clove/kləʊv/noun · B2+A dried flower bud used as a spice.
- clovenadjective · C1Split into two parts, as some animals' hooves are.
- clover/ˈkləʊ.və(ɹ)/noun · B1+A low meadow plant with three round leaflets.
- clown/ˈklaʊ̯n/noun · A2The performer with a red nose and huge shoes who makes children laugh.
- cloy/klɔɪ/verb · C2To become sickening through being too sweet.
- cloying/ˈklɔɪ.ɪŋ/adjective · C1Sweet to the point of being unpleasant.
- club/klʌb/verb · A1To beat with a heavy stick.
- club togetherphrase · C1To share the cost of something between several people.
- clubfootnoun · C1A foot twisted out of shape from birth.
- clubhouse/ˈklʌbˌhaʊs/noun · B2The building a sports or social club meets in.
- cluck/klʌk/verb · B2To make the short clicking sound a hen makes.
- clue/kluː/noun · B1A small piece of information that helps solve a mystery — like the ones in this game.
- clueless/ˈkluː.ləs/adjective · B2Having no idea at all.
- clump/klʌmp/noun · B2+A tight group of plants or things growing together.
- clumsy/ˈklʌmzi/adjective · B2Awkward, and apt to knock things over.
- clunk/klʌŋk/noun · B2The dull, hard, metallic sound of one heavy object knocking against another.
- cluster/ˈklʌstə/noun · C1A tight group of things close together.
- clustered/ˈklʌstəd/adjective · B2+Gathered closely in a group.
- clutch/ˈklʌt͡ʃ/verb · B2To hold on to something tightly because you fear losing it.
- clutch pedalnoun · B2The pedal that disconnects the engine while you change gear.
- clutter/ˈklʌtə(ɹ)/noun · C1The messy pile of things covering every surface.
- cluttered/ˈklʌtɚd/adjective · B2Crowded with things there is no room for.
- co-foundernoun · B2One of the people who started an organisation.
- co-op/ˈkoʊˌɒp/adjective · B2Played by people working together rather than against.
- coach/kəʊtʃ/noun · A2The person who trains a team and decides its tactics.
- coal/kəʊl/noun · B1The hard black rock that is dug up and burnt for heat.
- coalesce/ˌkəʊ.əˈlɛs/verb · C1To come together and form one whole.
- coalition/kəʊ.əˈlɪʃ.ən/noun · C1A government formed by two or more parties together.
- coarse/kɔːs/adjective · B2Rough in texture or in manners.
- coast/kəʊst/noun · A2The whole line where a country's land meets the sea.
- coastal/ˈkəʊstəl/adjective · C1Beside or belonging to the coast.
- coaster/ˈkəʊ̯s.tə/noun · B1+The small mat a drink sits on to protect the table.
- coastguardnoun · B2+The service that watches the coast and organises rescue.
- coat/ˈkoʊ̯t/noun · A1The long warm thing you wear outside in winter.
- coax/kəʊks/verb · C1To gently talk somebody into doing something.
- cobalt/ˈkəʊ.bɒlt/noun · B2+A hard silvery metal, or the deep blue made from it.
- cobble/ˈkɒb.əl/verb · C1To put something together roughly and quickly.
- cobbler/ˈkɒblə/noun · B2A person who mends shoes.
- cobbles/ˈkɒb.əlz/noun · B2+A road surface of rounded set stones.
- cobblestonesnoun · B2+Rounded stones set into an old road surface.
- cobra/ˈkəʊbɹə/noun · B1+A venomous snake that spreads a hood.
- cobweb/ˈkɒbwɛb/noun · B1+The fine net a spider spins.
- cockatoonoun · B2+A noisy white parrot with a crest it can raise.
- cockatrice/ˈkɒkətɹaɪs/noun · C2A legendary beast said to kill with its glance.
- cockerel/ˈkɒkəɹəl/noun · B2+A young male chicken.
- cockle/ˈkɒkl̩/noun · C1A small edible shellfish.
- cockpit/ˈkɒkˌpɪt/noun · B1+The front cabin where the pilots fly the plane.
- cockroach/ˈkɑkɹoʊt͡ʃ/noun · B1A flat brown insect that scuttles from the light.
- cocksureadjective · C2Far too sure of yourself.
- cocktail/ˈkɒk.teɪl/noun · B2A mixed drink for adults, often colorful with a little umbrella.
- cocoa/ˈkəʊ.kəʊ/noun · B2The bitter brown powder that chocolate is made from.
- coconut/ˈkəʊ.kə.nʌt/noun · B2A hard brown tropical fruit with white flesh and water inside.
- coconut shynoun · C1A stall where you throw balls to knock nuts off posts.
- cocoon/kəˈkuːn/noun · B2The silk case a caterpillar spins around itself.
- cod/kɒd/noun · B1+A large white sea fish, the usual one in fish and chips.
- code/kəʊd/noun · A2The written instructions that programs are made of.
- code reviewnoun · B2Another developer reading your changes before they land.
- codenamenoun · B2A false name used to hide who or what is meant.
- codpiece/ˈkɒdˌpiːs/noun · C2A padded pouch worn at the front of old men's hose.
- coerce/kəʊˈɜːs/verb · C1To force somebody by threat.
- coercion/kəʊˈɜːʃən/noun · C1Making somebody act by force or threats.
- coexist/ˌkəʊ.ɪɡˈzɪst/verb · B2+To live alongside each other without conflict.
- coffee/ˈkɒfi/noun · A1The dark bitter morning drink that wakes the world up.
- coffer/ˈkɒfə/noun · C1A strong chest for keeping money and valuables.
- coffin/ˈkɒfɪn/noun · B1The box a body is buried in.
- cog/kɒɡ/noun · C2A broad medieval trading vessel.
- cogent/ˈkəʊd͡ʒn̩t/adjective · C2Clear and forceful enough to convince.
- cognitive/ˈkɒɡ.nɪ.tɪv/adjective · C1To do with knowing, thinking and remembering.
- cohabit/koʊˈhæbɪt/verb · C1To live together as a couple without marrying.
- coherence/kəʊˈhɪəɹ.ən(t)s/noun · B2+Hanging together as a sensible whole.
- coherent/kəʊˈhɪə.ɹənt/adjective · B2+Holding together logically, piece after piece.
- cohesion/kəʊˈhiː.ʒən/noun · B2+The holding together of a group or a text.
- coif/kwɑf/noun · C2A close-fitting cloth head covering tied under the chin, worn by medieval women or beneath a helmet.
- coil/kɔɪl/noun · B2Something wound round and round in rings.
- coin/ˈkoɪ̯n/noun · B1A small round piece of metal money.
- coincide/ˌkəʊɪnˈsaɪd/verb · C1To happen at exactly the same time by chance.
- coincidence/kəʊˈɪnsɪdəns/noun · B1Two things happening together by pure chance.
- coincidental/ˈkəʊ.ɪn.sɪˌdɛn.tl̩/adjective · C1Happening together purely by chance, not by design.
- colander/ˈkɒləndə(ɹ)/noun · B1+The bowl full of holes you empty pasta into over the sink.
- cold/kəʊld/adjective · A1Having a very low temperature, like ice and winter.
- cold chainnoun · C1Keeping goods chilled at every stage of the journey.
- cold feetphrase · B2Sudden fear just before a big step, like a wedding.
- cold snapnoun · C1A short sudden spell of very cold weather.
- cold war/ˌkəʊld ˈwɔː/noun · B2The long standoff of hostility without open fighting.
- cold-blooded/ˈkoʊldˈblʌd.ɪd/adjective · B2Taking body heat from the surroundings.
- cold-heartedadjective · B2Showing no sympathy for anybody.
- coldness/ˈkoʊldnəs/noun · B2Low temperature, or a lack of warmth in manner.
- colic/ˈkɒl.ɪk/noun · C1Long unexplained crying in a small baby.
- collaboration/kəˌlæbəˈɹeɪʃən/noun · C1Working together on something.
- collaborative/kəˈlæb.ə.ɹə.tɪv/adjective · C1Done by several people working together.
- collaborator/kəˈlæbəɹeɪtɚ/noun · C1Somebody who works jointly with another, or who helps an enemy.
- collagen/ˈkɒləd͡ʒɪn/noun · B2+The protein that keeps skin firm.
- collapse/kəˈlæps/verb · B2To suddenly fall down or cave in — buildings, plans, or people.
- collapsible/kəˈlæps.ə.bəl/adjective · B2+Able to be folded flat when empty.
- collar/ˈkɒlə/noun · B1The part of a shirt that folds around your neck.
- collarbonenoun · B1+The long thin bone between the shoulder and the throat.
- collateral/kəˈlætəɹəl/noun · C1Something valuable promised to a lender if you cannot repay.
- colleague/ˈkɒliːɡ/noun · B1+A person who works at the same place as you.
- collect/kəˈlɛkt/verb · A2To bring together many of the same kind of thing over time.
- collectible/kəˈlɛktɪbəl/noun · B2+An item people set out to gather in a set.
- collection/kəˈlɛkʃən/noun · B1A set of things gathered because they belong together.
- collection pointnoun · B2The place a missed parcel can be picked up.
- collective/kəˈlɛktɪv/adjective · B2Done by or belonging to a group together.
- collective bargainingnoun · C1Negotiating pay for all the workers at once.
- collector/kəˈlɛk.tɚ/noun · B2Somebody who gathers a set of things.
- collectors itemnoun · B2Something rare enough that people want it for a collection.
- collide/kəˈlaɪd/verb · C1To crash into each other while moving.
- collision/kəˈlɪʒn̩/noun · B2A crash of two moving things.
- collocation/ˌkɒl.əˈkeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2The habit two words have of going together.
- colloquial/kəˈləʊ.kwɪəl/adjective · C2Belonging to ordinary informal speech.
- colloquium/kəˈləʊkwiəm/noun · C2An academic meeting for discussing a subject.
- collude/kəˈluːd/verb · C1To work together in secret for a dishonest end.
- collusion/kəˈluːʒən/noun · C1Secret co-operation for a wrong purpose.
- colombianoun · B1+The South American country famous for its coffee.
- colon/ˈkəʊ.lən/noun · B2+The main part of the large intestine.
- colonial/kəˈləʊ.ni.əl/adjective · C1Belonging to the time when distant lands were ruled from Europe.
- colonist/ˈkɒlənɪst/noun · B2+Somebody who settles in a newly claimed land.
- colonnade/ˌkɒləˈneɪd/noun · C1A long row of columns carrying a roof.
- colony/ˈkɒl.ə.ni/noun · B2A large group of the same creature living together.
- colorful/ˈkʌl.ə.fl̩/adjective · A2+Full of many bright colors.
- colossal/kəˈlɒsəl/adjective · B2Unbelievably huge.
- colossus/kəˈlɒs.əs/noun · C1A person or thing of enormous size or importance.
- colournoun · C1A rating of how near to colourless a stone is.
- colournoun · A1The quality of light that makes something look red, blue or green.
- colour-blindadjective · B2Unable to tell certain colours apart.
- colt/kəʊlt/noun · B2A young male horse.
- coltishadjective · C2Awkward and frisky like a young horse.
- column/ˈkɒləm/noun · A2+A regular opinion piece by the same writer each week.
- columnist/ˈkɒ.lə.mɪst/noun · C1A writer with a regular opinion piece in a paper.
- coma/ˈkəʊmə/noun · B2A deep unconsciousness that a person cannot be roused from.
- comb/kəʊm/verb · A2+To pull a toothed tool through your hair to make it neat.
- combat/ˈkɒmˌbæt/noun · B2Fighting between armed forces.
- combatant/ˈkɒm.bə.tənt/noun · C1Somebody taking part in a fight.
- combination/ˌkɒmbɪˈneɪʃən/noun · B2A forced series of moves with a clear point.
- combination skinnoun · B2Skin that is oily in some places and dry in others.
- combine/kəmˈbaɪn/verb · B1+To bring two or more things together into one.
- combine harvester/ˈkɑmˌbaɪn ˈhɑɹvəstəɹ/noun · B2A machine that cuts and threshes grain in one pass.
- combo/ˈkɒmbəʊ/noun · C1A small band of musicians.
- combustion/kəmˈbʌs.t͡ʃən/noun · B2+Burning: a fast reaction with oxygen giving out heat.
- come/kʌm/verb · A1To move toward the person who is speaking.
- come aboutphrase · B2To happen — used when asking how something started.
- come acrossphrase · B2To find something by chance without looking for it.
- come around tophrase · C1To end up agreeing with a view you first rejected.
- come backphrase · A2To return to the place you left.
- come betweenphrase · B2To damage the bond between two people.
- come byphrase · B2To obtain something, often by luck.
- come cleanphrase · B2To admit the truth at last.
- come down withphrase · B2To start suffering from an illness.
- come off itphrase · B2A blunt way of telling somebody not to be ridiculous.
- come out/ˌkʌm ˈaʊt/phrase · B1To be released — films and books do it; the sun does too.
- come out inphrase · C1To develop a rash or spots on the skin.
- come out withphrase · B2To say something surprising without warning.
- come overphrase · B1To visit someone at their home.
- come rain or shinephrase · B2Whatever happens, without fail.
- come to an agreementphrase · B2To settle terms both sides accept.
- come to think of itphrase · B2Said when a new thought strikes you mid-sentence.
- come up withphrase · B2To think of a new idea or solution.
- comeback/ˈkʌmbæk/noun · B2Winning after being far behind — the sweetest way to win.
- comedian/kəˈmiː.di.ən/noun · B1+Somebody whose job is being funny.
- comedy/ˈkɒmədi/noun · A2+A funny film or play made to make you laugh.
- comely/ˈkʌmli/adjective · C2Pleasant to look at, in old use.
- comet/ˈkɒmɪt/noun · B1+The dirty snowball of space that grows a glowing tail near the sun.
- comfort/ˈkʌm.fət/noun · B1Ease of body or mind, or something that gives it.
- comfort food/ˈkʌmfət ˌfuːd/noun · B2Simple familiar food eaten for the feeling it gives.
- comfort zonenoun · B2The safe familiar space you must step out of to grow.
- comfortable/ˈkʌm(p)f.tə.bəl/adjective · A2Pleasant for your body — like a soft big armchair.
- comfortably/ˈkʌmftɚbli/adverb · B2In a way that gives ease, or with room to spare.
- comforter/ˈkʌmfətə/noun · B2A cloth or toy a child needs in order to settle.
- comic/ˈkɒmɪk/adjective · B2Meant to be funny.
- comic booknoun · A2A magazine that tells a story in drawn panels.
- comical/ˈkɒmɪkəl/adjective · B2Funny, especially in a slightly ridiculous way.
- coming of agephrase · C1Reaching the age at which you count as an adult.
- comma/ˈkɒmə/noun · B1+The small curved mark that gives a sentence a tiny pause.
- command/kəˈmɑːnd/noun · B1An order given, or authority over a group.
- commander/kəˈmændɚ/noun · B1The officer in charge of a military force.
- commandment/kəˈmɑːndmənt/noun · B2A rule given by a god that must be obeyed.
- commemorate/kəˈmɛməˌɹeɪt/verb · B2+To do something so that a person or event is remembered.
- commemorativeadjective · C1Made to keep the memory of a person or event.
- commence/kəˈmɛns/verb · C1The formal word for to begin.
- commencement/kəˈmɛnsmənt/noun · C1The act of starting something, or in America the ceremony at which students receive their degrees.
- commend/kəˈmɛnd/verb · C1To praise somebody formally.
- commendable/kəˈmɛndəbəl/adjective · B2+Deserving praise and approval.
- commendation/ˌkɒmənˈdeɪʃən/noun · C1Formal praise for something done well.
- commensurate/kəˈmens(ə)rət/adjective · C2In fair proportion to something else.
- comment/ˈkɒmɛnt/noun · A2+A short remark giving an opinion.
- comment sectionnoun · B2The place beneath a post where people reply.
- commentary/ˈkɒm.ən.t(ə.)ɹi/noun · C1A running account of events as they happen.
- commentator/ˈkɑmənˌteɪtəɹ/noun · C1Somebody who describes or explains events publicly.
- commerce/ˈkɒ.mɜːs/noun · C1The buying and selling of goods on a large scale.
- commercial/kəˈmɜː.ʃəl/noun · B1An advertisement broadcast on radio or television.
- commie/ˈkɒ.mi/noun · C1A communist, in hostile informal use.
- commiserate/kəˈmɪzəɹət/verb · C1To share somebody's sorrow and say so.
- commissar/ˌkɒmɪˈsɑː/noun · C2A political official in a communist state or army.
- commission/kəˈmɪʃən/noun · B2+A share of a sale paid to whoever made it happen.
- commission/kəˈmɪʃən/noun · C1The formal appointment that makes somebody an officer.
- commissioner/kəˈmɪ.ʃə.nə/noun · C1An official put in charge of a department.
- commit/kəˈmɪt/verb · B1To promise yourself fully to something; also, to carry out a crime.
- committee/kəˈmɪt.i/noun · B2A small group chosen to decide or report on something.
- commodity/kəˈmɑdəti/noun · C1A raw material or product traded in bulk.
- common/ˈkɒmən/adjective · A1Found everywhere; happening often.
- common groundphrase · B2The part of a disagreement both sides can accept.
- common landnoun · B2Ground that a whole village may use.
- common sensenoun · B1The practical everyday judgment most people share.
- commoner/ˈkɒm.ə.nə(ɹ)/noun · B2+A person of no noble rank.
- commonly/ˈkɑmənli/adverb · B2+In most cases, and by most people.
- commonwealth/ˈkɑmənˌwɛlθ/noun · B2+A group of nations linked by history, or a state as a body.
- commotion/kəˈməʊ.ʃən/noun · B2A sudden noisy confusion in a public place.
- communal/kəˈmjuː.nəl/adjective · B2+Shared by a group rather than owned individually.
- commune/ˈkɒmjuːn/noun · B2+A group living together and sharing what they own.
- communicate/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt/verb · B1To share thoughts and information with others.
- communication/kəˌmjuː.nɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/noun · B1The whole business of sharing information between people.
- communicative/kəˈmjuː.nɪ.kə.tɪv/adjective · B2+Willing and able to share what you think.
- communicator/kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪtə/noun · B2+Somebody good at getting a message across.
- communion/kəˈmjuːnjən/noun · B2The sharing of bread and wine as a sacred act.
- communist/ˈkɒm.jʊ.nɪst/adjective · C1Believing that property should be owned by everybody in common.
- community/kəˈmjuːnɪ.ti/noun · A2+A group of people who share a place or an interest.
- community centrenoun · B1A building for local meetings and activities.
- community servicenoun · B2Unpaid work ordered instead of a prison term.
- commute/kəˈmjuːt/noun · B2+The daily trip between your home and your workplace.
- commuter/kəˈmjuːtɚ/noun · B1+A person making the same daily trip between home and their job.
- commuter beltphrase · C1The ring of towns people travel from into a city for work.
- commuter trainnoun · B2A train carrying people to and from work.
- commutingnoun · B1+Travelling regularly between home and work.
- comp/kɒmp/noun · C1A comprehensive examination, or a free ticket.
- compact/ˈkɒmˌpækt/adjective · B1+Neatly small, with nothing wasted.
- companion/kəmˈpæn.jən/noun · B2The person or animal that keeps you company on the way.
- companionship/kəmˈpænjənʃɪp/noun · B2+The comfort of having someone alongside you.
- company/ˈkʌmp(ə)ni/noun · A1An organization that sells products or services.
- company carnoun · B1A vehicle provided by an employer for work use.
- comparable/ˈkɒmpəɹəbəl/adjective · C1Similar enough to be measured against.
- comparative/kəmˈpæɹətɪv/adjective · B2+Judged by setting it beside something else.
- comparatively/kəmˈpæɹ.ə.tɪvli/adverb · B2+When set beside something else.
- compare/kəmˈpɛɚ/verb · B1To look at two things side by side to see their differences.
- compartment/kəmˈpɑɹtmənt/noun · B2One enclosed section of seats in a carriage.
- compass/ˈkʌm.pəs/noun · B1+The small tool whose needle always shows you where north is.
- compass bearingnoun · B2The direction taken from a magnetic needle.
- compassion/kəmˈpæʃ.ən/noun · C1Feeling another's pain and wanting to ease it.
- compassionate/kəmˈpæʃənət/adjective · B2+Quick to feel and ease other people's pain.
- compassionate leavenoun · C1Time off allowed after a death or family crisis.
- compatible/kəmˈpæt.ə.bəl/adjective · B2Able to work or live together without conflict.
- compatriot/kəmˈpeɪtɹi.ət/noun · B2+Somebody from your own country.
- compel/kəmˈpɛl/verb · C1To leave someone no choice but to do it.
- compelling/kəmˈpɛlɪŋ/adjective · C1So convincing it is hard to argue with.
- compendium/kəmˈpɛn.di.əm/noun · C1A concise collection of a whole body of knowledge.
- compensate/ˈkɒm.pən.seɪt/verb · C1To make up for a loss, usually with money.
- compensation/ˌkɒm.pənˈseɪ.ʃən/noun · C1Money given to balance a loss or an injury.
- compere/ˈkɒmpɛː(ɹ)/noun · C2Somebody who introduces the acts at an entertainment.
- compete/kəmˈpiːt/verb · B1To try to beat others at the same goal or game.
- competence/ˈkɒm.pə.təns/noun · C1Being good enough at something to do it properly.
- competent/ˈkɒmpətənt/adjective · C1Having the skill to do the job properly.
- competition/ˌkɒm.pəˈtɪʃ.ən/noun · A2+A contest to find who is best, or rivalry in trade.
- competitive/kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɪv/adjective · B1+Hating to lose; always trying to be first.
- competitor/kəmˈpɛt.ɪ.tɚ/noun · B1+Another company after the same customers.
- compile/kəmˈpaɪl/verb · C1To gather scattered material into one organized collection.
- complacency/kəmˈpleɪsənˌsiː/noun · C1Smug satisfaction that stops you noticing danger.
- complacent/kəmˈpleɪsənt/adjective · C1So satisfied with yourself that you stop trying.
- complain/kəmˈpleɪn/verb · A2+To say again and again that you are not happy about something.
- complaint/kəmˈpleɪnt/noun · B1An official statement that you are unhappy with a service.
- complaisant/kəmˈpleɪsənt/adjective · C2Eager to please and to go along with others.
- complement/ˈkɒmpləmənt/noun · C1Something that completes another and improves it.
- complementary/ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/adjective · C1Sitting opposite on the colour wheel, so each makes the other stronger.
- completion/kəmˈpliː.ʃən/noun · B2The finishing of something.
- complex/ˈkɒmplɛks/adjective · B1+Made of many connected parts; not simple to understand.
- complexion/kəmˈplɛkʃən/noun · B2+The natural color and condition of the skin of your face.
- complexity/kəmˈplɛk.sɪ.ti/noun · C1How many connected parts something has.
- compliance/kəmˈplaɪ.əns/noun · C1Doing everything the rules and laws require.
- compliant/kəmˈplʌɪənt/adjective · C1Willing to do as you are told.
- complicate/ˈkɑmplɪkeɪt/verb · B1+To make something harder to understand or deal with.
- complicated/ˈkɒm.plɪ.keɪ.tɪd/adjective · B1Made of many parts and hard to follow.
- complication/ˌkɒm.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2Something that makes a matter harder to deal with.
- complicit/kəmˈplɪs.ɪt/adjective · C1Involved with others in something wrong.
- complicitynoun · C1A share in somebody else's wrongdoing.
- compliment/ˈkɑmpləmənt/noun · B1A kind remark about how good someone or their work is.
- complimentary/ˌkɒmplɪˈmɛnt(ə)ɹi/adjective · C1Given free as part of the service.
- compliments to the chefphrase · C1A message of praise sent back to the kitchen.
- comply/kəmˈplaɪ/verb · C1To do what a rule or order requires.
- component/kəmˈpəʊ.nənt/noun · B2+One of the pieces a machine is built from.
- compose/kəmˈpəʊz/verb · B2To write a piece of music, or to put a text together carefully.
- composed/kəmˈpoʊzd/adjective · B2Fully in control of your feelings when others would panic.
- composer/kəmˈpoʊzəɹ/noun · B2Somebody who writes music.
- composite/ˈkɒmpəzɪt/noun · B2+Something made of several distinct parts combined.
- composition/ˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/noun · C1The arrangement of everything inside the frame.
- compost/ˈkɒm.pɒst/noun · B1+Kitchen scraps rotted down into rich food for the garden.
- compost binnoun · B2The container where plant waste is left to rot.
- composure/kəmˈpoʊʒɚ/noun · C1Calm control of yourself when things go wrong.
- compound/ˈkɒmpaʊnd/noun · B2A substance built from two or more elements joined together.
- compound eyenoun · C1An eye made of hundreds of tiny separate lenses.
- comprehend/kɒmpɹɪˈhɛnd/verb · B2To take in the meaning of something.
- comprehension/ˌkɒmpɹɪˈhɛnʃn̩/noun · B2A test of how well you understood what you read.
- comprehensive/ˌkɒm.pɹɪˈhɛn.sɪv/adjective · B2+Covering everything that matters, with nothing left out.
- compress/kəmˈpɹɛs/verb · B2+To squeeze a file into fewer bytes.
- compression/kəmˈpɹɛʃ.ən/noun · B2+The squeezing of something into a smaller space.
- compressor/kəmˈpɹɛ.sə(ɹ)/noun · B2+A machine that squeezes air or gas.
- comprise/kəmˈpɹaɪz/verb · C1To be made up of certain parts.
- compromise/ˈkɒmpɹəˌmaɪz/verb · B2To settle a disagreement with each side giving something up.
- compromisedadjective · C1No longer secret, and therefore no longer safe.
- compulsion/kəmˈpʌlʃən/noun · C1An urge to do something over and over.
- compulsive/kəmˈpʌlsɪv/adjective · B2+Driven by an urge that cannot be resisted, as with a person who lies or gambles without being able to help it.
- compulsory/kəmˈpʌlsəɹi/adjective · B2+Required by the rules — you have no choice.
- computational/ˌkɒmpjʊˈteɪʃənəl/adjective · C1To do with calculation by machine.
- computer/kəmˈpjuː.tə/noun · A1The machine with a screen and keys that runs programs and the internet.
- computing/kəmˈpjuːtɪŋ/noun · B1+The study of computers and what they can do.
- comrade/ˈkɒmɹeɪd/noun · B2A companion who shares your work or your cause.
- con/kɒn/verb · B2To cheat somebody by winning their trust first.
- concave/ˈkɒn.keɪv/adjective · C1Curving inward, like the inside of a bowl.
- conceal/kənˈsiːl/verb · C1A formal word for hiding something from view.
- concealed/kənˈsiːld/adjective · B2Deliberately hidden from view.
- concealernoun · B2+A thick cream that hides marks and shadows.
- concede/kənˈsiːd/verb · C1To reluctantly accept that the other side is right.
- conceit/kənˈsiːt/noun · B2+Too high an opinion of yourself, or a fanciful idea.
- conceited/kənˈsiː.tɪd/adjective · C1Far too proud of yourself.
- conceivable/kənˈsiːvəbl̩/adjective · B2+Possible to believe or imagine.
- conceivablyadverb · C1As could just possibly be imagined.
- conceive/kənˈsiːv/verb · C1To form an idea for the first time.
- concentrate/ˈkɒn.sən.tɹeɪt/verb · B1To point all your attention at one thing only.
- concentrated/ˈkɒnsəntɹeɪtɪd/adjective · B2Made stronger by taking the water out.
- concentration/ˌkɒn.sənˈtɹeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2How much of a substance is dissolved in a liquid.
- concept/ˈkɒn.sɛpt/noun · B2An abstract idea held in the mind — like the ones in this deck.
- conception/kənˈsɛpʃən/noun · C1The forming of an idea, or the start of a pregnancy.
- conceptualise/kənˈsɛp.tj(uː.)ə.laɪz/verb · C1To work an idea into a clear general form.
- concern/kənˈsɝn/noun · B1A worry, or the matter that a person is responsible for.
- concert/kənˈsɜːt/noun · A2+A live performance where musicians play for a crowd.
- concerto/kənˈt͡ʃɛɹtoʊ/noun · C1A piece for one solo player and a full orchestra.
- concession/kənˈsɛʃən/noun · C1Admitting a point your opponent has made.
- concierge/ˌkɒnsiˈɛːʒ/noun · B2+The hotel professional who can arrange anything for a guest.
- conciliationnoun · C2The bringing of two hostile sides back to friendly terms.
- conciliatory/kənˈsɪl.i.əˌtɔɹ.i/adjective · C2Meant to soothe anger and win goodwill.
- concise/kənˈsaɪs/adjective · B2+Saying everything needed in very few words.
- conclave/ˈkɒnkleɪv/noun · C1A private meeting held behind closed doors.
- conclude/kənˈkluːd/verb · B1+To reach a final judgment after weighing everything; also, to bring to an end.
- conclusion/kənˈkluːʒən/noun · B1What the results finally show.
- conclusion/kənˈkluːʒən/noun · B1What an argument says follows from its reasons.
- conclusive/kənˈkluːsɪv/adjective · B2+Settling a question beyond any argument.
- concoct/kənˈkɒkt/verb · B2+To make something up out of mixed parts.
- concoction/kənˈkɒkʃən/noun · C1A drink or a story made up from mixed parts.
- concordance/kənˈkɔːdəns/noun · C2An index of every word used in a work.
- concourse/ˈkɒŋkɔː(ɹ)s/noun · C1The wide open hall inside a terminal.
- concrete/ˈkɒnkɹiːt/noun · B2The grey mix of cement and gravel that cities are built from.
- concrete junglephrase · B2A city of hard buildings with nothing green in it.
- concubine/ˈkɑŋkjəbaɪn/noun · C1A woman living with a man of higher rank without marriage.
- concur/kənˈkɜː/verb · C1To agree with an opinion.
- concurrence/kənˈkʌɹ.əns/noun · C2Agreement, or the happening of things at the same time.
- concurrent/kəŋˈkʌɹənt/adjective · C1Happening at the same time as something else.
- concussion/kənˈkʌʃən/noun · B2A brain shaken by a blow to the head.
- condemn/kənˈdɛm/verb · C1To declare loudly and publicly that something is wrong.
- condemnation/ˌkɒndɛmˈneɪʃən/noun · B2+Strong public disapproval, or a sentence passed.
- condensation/ˌkɒn.dɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+Gas turning back to liquid, like breath fogging a cold window.
- condensation/ˌkɒn.dɛnˈseɪ.ʃən/noun · B2Water that forms on cold glass indoors.
- condescending/ˈkɔn.dɪ.sɛnd.ɪŋ/adjective · B2+Kind in a way that makes clear you feel superior.
- condescension/kɑndiˈsɛnʃən/noun · C1Kindness offered in a way that shows you feel superior.
- condiment/ˈkɒn.dɪ.mənt/noun · B2+A sauce or seasoning offered at the table.
- condition/kənˈdɪʃ(ə)n/noun · A2+A test that decides which branch of code runs.
- conditional/kənˈdɪʃ.ə.nəl/adjective · C1Depending on something else being met first.
- conditioner/kənˈdɪʃənə/noun · A2+A cream that softens hair after washing.
- condolences/kənˈdoʊlənsɪz/noun · B2The words of sympathy you offer to someone whose loved one has died.
- condone/kənˈdoʊn/verb · C2To accept behaviour that ought to be condemned.
- condor/ˈkɒndɔː/noun · B2+An enormous mountain vulture of the Americas.
- conduct/ˈkɒndʌkt/verb · B2To formally carry out a study, meeting, or orchestra.
- conduct/ˈkɒndʌkt/verb · B2To lead an orchestra with hand and stick.
- conduct a surveyphrase · B2To carry out a study of what people think.
- conductor/kənˈdʌktɚ/noun · B2The person who stands before an orchestra waving a little stick.
- conductor/kənˈdʌktɚ/noun · B2A substance that carries heat or electricity easily.
- conductor/kənˈdʌktɚ/noun · B1+The one who checks tickets on the train.
- conduit/ˈkɒnd(j)ʊɪt/noun · C2The tube that protects cables running through a building.
- cone/ˈkəʊn/noun · B2A shape with a round base rising to a single point.
- confection/kənˈfɛkʃən/noun · C2A sweet dish, or something elaborately put together.
- confectionernoun · B2+Somebody who makes and sells sweets.
- confederate/kənˈfɛdəɹət/noun · C1A secret partner in a scheme, such as the planted helper a stage magician uses in the audience.
- confer/kənˈfɜː/verb · C1To discuss together before deciding; also, to grant an honor.
- conference/ˈkɒn.f(ə.)ɹəns/noun · A2+A large meeting held to discuss a subject.
- conference callnoun · B2A telephone meeting with several people at once.
- conference facilitiesnoun · B2The rooms and equipment for business meetings.
- confess/kənˈfɛs/verb · B1To admit to something you are ashamed of.
- confession/kənˈfɛʃən/noun · B1The moment a suspect admits they really did it.
- confessional/kənˈfɛʃənəl/noun · C1The small booth where a priest hears confessions.
- confessor/kənˈfɛsə/noun · C1A priest who hears confessions and grants forgiveness.
- confetti/kənˈfɛ.ti/noun · B1+Small pieces of coloured paper thrown at a celebration.
- confidant/ˈkɑn.fɪ.dɑnt/noun · C1The person you tell your secrets to.
- confide/kənˈfaɪd/verb · C1To trust someone with your secret.
- confidence/ˈkɒn.fɪ.dəns/noun · B2The quiet certainty that you can do it.
- confident/ˈkɒnfɪdənt/adjective · B1Sure of yourself and your abilities.
- confidential/ˌkɒn.fɪˈdɛn.ʃəl/adjective · B2Meant to be kept private and shown to almost no one.
- confidentialitynoun · B2+The duty to keep certain information private.
- configuration/kənˌfɪɡ.əˈɹeɪ̯.ʃən/noun · C1The settings that decide how a system behaves.
- confine/kənˈfaɪn/verb · C1To keep someone or something within strict limits.
- confinement/kənˈfaɪnmənt/noun · C1Being kept within limits or shut in.
- confirm/kənˈfɜːm/verb · B1To say officially that something is certain or true.
- confirmation/ˌkɑn.fəɹˈmeɪ.ʃən/noun · C1The rite of confirming a young person in their faith.
- confiscate/ˈkɒnfɪskeɪt/verb · B2+To take property away by authority.
- conflagration/ˌkɒnfləˈɡɹeɪʃən/noun · C2A huge destructive blaze.
- conflict/ˈkɒn.flɪkt/noun · B2Two changes to the same lines that must be settled by hand.
- confluence/ˈkɒn.flu.əns/noun · C1The point where two rivers join.
- conform/kənˈfɔːm/verb · C1To behave as the rules or the group expect.
- conformity/kənˈfɔːmɪti/noun · C1Behaving the same way as everybody else.
- confound/kənˈfaʊnd/verb · C1To puzzle somebody, or to prove them wrong.
- confront/kənˈfɹʌnt/verb · B2To stand up to a person or problem directly.
- confrontation/ˌkɒn.fɹənˈteɪ.ʃən/noun · C1An open clash face to face.
- confrontational/ˌkɒnfɹənˈteɪʃənˈəl/adjective · C2Ready to challenge people openly and aggressively.
- confuse/kənˈfjuːz/verb · B1To mix someone's thoughts up so they no longer understand.
- confused/kənˈfjuːzd/adjective · A2Unable to understand what is going on.
- confusing/kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/adjective · B2Making it hard to understand what is meant.
- confusion/kənˈfjuːʒən/noun · B2A state of not understanding, or of disorder.
- congeal/kənˈd͡ʒiːl/verb · C1To thicken and set as it cools.
- congenial/kənˈd͡ʒiːniəl/adjective · C1Pleasant, and suited to your own taste.
- congenital/kənˈdʒɛnɪt(ə)l/adjective · C2Present from birth — conditions, or deep-rooted habits.
- congestion/kənˈd͡ʒɛs.t͡ʃən/noun · B2+Too much traffic for the roads to carry.
- conglomerate/kənˈɡlɒm.(ə.)ɹɪt/noun · C2A large company made of many different businesses.
- congratulate/kənˈɡɹæt͡ʃ.ʊˌleɪt/verb · B1+To tell someone how glad you are about their success.
- congratulation/kənˌɡɹæd͡ʒʊˈleɪʃ(ə)n/noun · B1+An expression of pleasure at somebody's good news.
- congratulations/kənˌɡɹæt͡ʃəˈleɪʃ(ə)nz/phrase · A2The long happy word you shout when someone succeeds.
- congregate/ˈkɒŋɡɹəɡeɪt/verb · C1To come together in a crowd.
- congregation/ˌkɒŋɡɹɪˈɡeɪʃən/noun · C1The people gathered for a religious service.
- congress/ˈkɑŋɡɹəs/noun · B2The national law-making body of the United States.
- congressional/kəŋˈɡɹɛ.ʃə.nəl/adjective · C1To do with a national law-making assembly.
- conical/ˈkɒn.ɪ.kəl/adjective · B2+Shaped like a cone.
- conifer/ˈkɒnɪfə(ɹ)/noun · B2A tree that bears cones and keeps its needles.
- conjecture/kənˈd͡ʒɛkt͡ʃə/noun · C2A guess formed on incomplete evidence.
- conjunction/kənˈd͡ʒʌŋk.ʃn̩/noun · B2A word that joins clauses, such as and or but.
- conjure/ˈkʌn.d͡ʒə/verb · C1To make something appear as if by magic.
- conker/ˈkɒŋkə/noun · C1The shiny brown nut of the horse chestnut.
- connect/kəˈnɛkt/verb · A2+To join two things together.
- connecting flightnoun · B2The second flight of a journey with a change.
- connection/kəˈnɛkʃ(ə)n/noun · B1A second train you change onto.
- connector/kəˈnɛktɚ/noun · B1+A part that joins two pieces of equipment.
- connivance/kəˈnaɪvəns/noun · C2Willing co-operation in something wrong.
- connive/kəˈnaɪv/verb · C2To scheme quietly, or to shut your eyes to wrongdoing.
- connoisseur/ˌkɑnəˈsɝ/noun · C1An expert judge in matters of taste.
- connotation/ˌkɒnəˈteɪʃən/noun · C2The feeling a word carries beyond its plain sense.
- connote/kəˈnəʊt/verb · C2To suggest a feeling beyond the plain meaning.
- conquer/ˈkɒŋkə/verb · B2To defeat and take control — of lands or of fears.
- conqueror/ˈkɑŋˌkɚ.ɚ/noun · B2+Somebody who takes a country by force.
- conquest/ˈkɒŋkwɛst/noun · B2The taking of a country by force.
- conscience/ˈkɒn.ʃəns/noun · B2The inner sense that tells you when you do wrong.
- conscientious/ˌkɒn.ʃiˈɛn.ʃəs/adjective · C1Doing every duty carefully and properly, every time.
- conscientious objector/ˌkɑnʃiˈɛnʃəs əbˈd͡ʒɛktɚ/noun · C1Somebody who refuses to fight on moral grounds.
- conscious/ˈkɑn.ʃəs/adjective · B2Awake and able to notice the world; also, done on purpose.
- consciouslyadverb · B2+Knowing full well what you are doing.
- consciousness/ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/noun · B2Being awake and aware of what is around you.
- conscript/ˈkɒnskɹɪpt/noun · C1Somebody made to serve by law rather than choice.
- consecrate/ˈkɒnsəkɹeɪt/verb · C1To set something apart as sacred.
- consecration/ˌkɒnsɪˈkɹeɪʃən/noun · C2The setting apart of something as sacred.
- consecutive/kənˈsɛkjʊtɪv/adjective · C1Following one after another without a break.
- consecutivelyadverb · C1One straight after another.
- consensual/kənˈsɛnʃuəl/adjective · C1Agreed to willingly by everybody involved.
- consensus/kənˈsɛnsəs/noun · C1General agreement reached by a whole group after discussion.
- consent/kənˈsɛnt/verb · B2To formally say yes and give permission.
- consequence/ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwəns/noun · B1+What follows from an action — welcome or not.
- consequently/ˈkɒnsɪˌkwɛntli/adverb · B2+As a result of that.
- conservation/ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/noun · B2+The organized protection of nature from being used up.
- conservation/ˌkɑnsə(ɹ)ˈveɪʃən/noun · B2+Work done to stop books and papers decaying.
- conservation areanoun · B2A district where changes to buildings are controlled.
- conservative/kənˈsɜːvətɪv/adjective · B2+Preferring to keep things as they are.
- conservatory/kənˈsɜː.və.tɹi/noun · C1A glass room built onto a house for plants.
- consider/kənˈsɪd.ə/verb · A2To think about something slowly and carefully before deciding.
- considerable/kənˈsɪdəɹəbl̩/adjective · B2Large enough to be worth noticing.
- considerably/kənˈsɪdəɹəbli/adverb · B2By a large amount.
- considerate/kənˈsɪdəɹət/adjective · B1+Careful not to cause others trouble; thinking of their needs.
- consideration/kənˌsɪd.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2Careful thought, or thoughtfulness towards others.
- consign/kənˈsaɪn/verb · C2To hand something over, often for good.
- consignment/kənˈsaɪnmənt/noun · C2A batch of goods sent to one destination.
- consist/kənˈsɪst/verb · B2+To be made up of particular parts.
- consistency/kənˈsɪs.tən.si/noun · C1Being free of contradiction.
- consistent/kənˈsɪs.tənt/adjective · B2The same every time, without contradiction.
- consistently/kənˈsɪstəntli/adverb · B2+In the same way every time.
- consolation/ˌkɑn.səˈleɪ.ʃən/noun · B2Comfort given after a loss or a disappointment.
- console/ˈkɒn.səʊl/verb · B2To comfort somebody who is unhappy.
- consolidate/kənˈsɒl.ɪ.deɪt/verb · C1To merge scattered pieces into one stronger whole.
- consolidation/kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/noun · C1The joining or strengthening of separate parts.
- consonant/ˈkɒn.sə.nənt/noun · B1+Any letter of the alphabet that is not a vowel.
- consort/ˈkɒnsɔːt/noun · C1The husband or wife of a ruler.
- consortium/kənˈsɔː.ti.əm/noun · C1A group of companies acting together on one project.
- conspicuous/kənˈspɪk.ju.əs/adjective · C1Standing out so much that everyone notices.
- conspiracy/kənˈspɪɹəsi/noun · B2A secret plan by several people to do something wrong.
- conspirator/kənˈspɪɹətə/noun · B2One of the people secretly plotting a crime together.
- conspire/kənˈspaɪə(ɹ)/verb · B2+To secretly plan wrongdoing together.
- constant/ˈkɒnstənt/noun · B2A quantity deliberately kept the same throughout.
- constantly/ˈkɒnstəntli/adverb · B2All the time, without ever stopping.
- constellation/ˌkɒn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+A named picture the stars seem to draw in the night sky.
- consternation/ˌkɒn.stəˈneɪ.ʃən/noun · C2Dismay at something unexpected.
- constituency/kənˈstɪt͡ʃu.ənsi/noun · C1The area one representative is elected to speak for.
- constitute/ˈkɒnstɪtjuːt/verb · C1To be the parts that make up a whole.
- constitution/ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃ(ə)n/noun · C1The founding document that sets a country's deepest rules.
- constitutional/ˌkɒn.stɪˈtjuː.ʃ(ə)n.(ə)l/adjective · C1To do with the basic laws of a state.
- constrained/kənˈstɹeɪnd/adjective · C2Held back by limits, or stiff and unnatural in manner.
- constraint/kənˈstɹeɪnt/noun · C1A limit that stops you doing as you wish.
- construction/kənˈstɹʌkʃən/noun · B2The building of something new — cranes, workers, and noise.
- construction setnoun · B2A boxed kit of parts for building models.
- constructive/kənˈstɹʌktɪv/adjective · B2Meant to build up and improve rather than tear down.
- constructive dismissalnoun · C2Being forced to resign by intolerable treatment.
- construe/kənˈstɹuː/verb · C1To take words as having a particular meaning.
- consulate/ˈkɒnsjʊlət/noun · B2+The office of a country's representative in a foreign city.
- consult/ˈkɒnsʌlt/verb · B2To go to an expert for advice before deciding.
- consultancy/kənˈsʌl.tən.si/noun · C1A firm that sells expert advice.
- consultant/kənˈsʌl.tənt/noun · B2+An outside expert companies pay for advice.
- consultation/ˌkɒnsəlˈteɪʃən/noun · C1A meeting to seek advice or opinion.
- consume/kənˈsjuːm/verb · B2To use something up — food, fuel, or time.
- consumer/kənˈsjuːmə/noun · B2+Anyone who buys and uses products — that is, everyone.
- consumer electronicsnoun · B2Electrical goods made for ordinary household use.
- consumer rightsnoun · B2The protections the law gives to buyers.
- consummate/ˈkɒnsəmət/verb · C1To bring to completion, especially a marriage.
- consummationnoun · C2The bringing of something to its perfect finish.
- consumption/kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/noun · B2+The using up of goods, food or fuel.
- contact/ˈkɑntækt/noun · A2Communication with somebody, or the touching of two things.
- contactlessadjective · B1Paid by touching a card against a reader.
- contagion/kənˈteɪd͡ʒən/noun · C2The spreading of disease or of feeling by contact.
- contagious/kənˈteɪ.d͡ʒəs/adjective · B2Spreading easily from person to person — illnesses, and laughter too.
- contain/kənˈteɪn/verb · B1To have something inside.
- container/kənˈteɪ.nə/noun · B1A standard steel box for carrying goods.
- container shipnoun · B2A vessel that carries goods in stacked metal boxes.
- container terminalnoun · B2Where metal boxes move between trains and lorries.
- containment/kənˈteɪnmənt/noun · C1Keeping a danger inside a limited area.
- contaminant/kənˈtamɪnənt/noun · C1Something present that should not be there.
- contamination/kənˌtæm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+The spoiling of something by an unwanted substance.
- contemplate/ˈkɑn.təmˌpleɪt/verb · C1To turn a thought over slowly and deeply in your mind.
- contemplate/ˈkɑn.təmˌpleɪt/verb · C1To consider something long and quietly.
- contemplation/ˌkɒntəmˈpleɪʃən/noun · B2+Long quiet thought about something.
- contemporary/kənˈtɛm.p(ə.)ɹə.ɹi/adjective · B2+Belonging to the same time as something else.
- contemporary dancenoun · B2A modern style that breaks classical rules.
- contempt/kənˈtɛmpt/noun · C1The cold feeling of looking down on someone as worthless.
- contemptible/kənˈtɛmptəbəl/adjective · C1Deserving no respect at all.
- contemptuous/kənˈtɛm(p).tʃu.əs/adjective · C2Showing that you think something worthless.
- contend/kənˈtɛnd/verb · C1To argue a case, or to struggle against.
- contender/kənˈtɛn.dɚ/noun · C1Somebody with a real chance of winning.
- content/kənˈtɛnt/adjective · B2Quietly satisfied with how things are.
- contention/kənˈtɛnʃən/noun · C1A point argued for, or a state of disagreement.
- contentment/kənˈtɛntmənt/noun · C1The quiet satisfied feeling of wanting nothing more.
- contest/ˈkɒn.tɛst/noun · B1A competition to decide who is best.
- context/ˈkɒn.tɛkst/noun · B2The surrounding facts that make something make sense.
- contextualadjective · C1Depending on the surrounding circumstances.
- continent/ˈkɒntɪnənt/noun · B1+One of the seven great land masses of the earth.
- continental breakfastnoun · B2A light morning meal of bread, pastries and coffee.
- contingency/kənˈtɪnd͡ʒənsi/noun · C1A plan kept ready in case things go wrong.
- contingent/kənˈtɪn.d͡ʒənt/noun · C1A body of troops or people sent from a larger group.
- continual/kənˈtɪnjuəl/adjective · C1Happening again and again over a period.
- continuance/kənˈtɪnjuəns/noun · C2The act of going on, or a delay granted in court.
- continuation/kənˌtɪnjʊˈeɪʃ(ə)n/noun · B2+The carrying on of something that had begun.
- continue/kənˈtɪn.juː/verb · A2To keep doing something without stopping.
- continuity/ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/noun · C1The quality of going on without a break.
- continuous/kənˈtɪn.juː.əs/adjective · B2+Going on without a break.
- continuum/kənˈtɪnjuəm/noun · C1A range with no sharp break anywhere along it.
- contort/kənˈtɔː(ɹ)t/verb · B2To twist out of its normal shape.
- contortionist/kənˈtɔː(ɹ)ʃənɪst/noun · C1A performer who bends the body into extreme shapes.
- contour/ˈkɒntɔː/noun · C1A line following one continuous level or edge.
- contour linenoun · B2The line on a map joining points of equal height.
- contraband/ˈkɒn.tɹəˌbænd/noun · C1Goods it is illegal to own or move.
- contract/ˈkɒntɹækt/noun · B2The legal paper both sides sign when agreeing to a job or a deal.
- contract lawnoun · B2The rules governing agreements between parties.
- contraction/kənˈtɹækʃn̩/noun · B2+A tightening of the womb during birth.
- contractor/ˈkɒnˌtɹæk.tə(ɹ)/noun · C1Someone hired for a fixed job rather than employed.
- contractual/kənˈtɹæk.(t)ʃ(ʊ)əl/adjective · C2Set out in a binding written agreement.
- contradict/ˌkɒn.tɹəˈdɪkt/verb · B2+To say the exact opposite of what someone else has said.
- contradiction/ˌkɒntɹəˈdɪkʃən/noun · B2+Two statements that cannot both be true at once.
- contradictory/ˌkɒntɹəˈdɪkt(ə)ɹi/adjective · B2+Saying two things that cannot both be true.
- contraption/kənˈtɹæp.ʃən/noun · C1A device that looks awkward and improvised.
- contrary/ˈkɒntɹəɹi/adjective · B2Opposite in nature or direction.
- contrast/ˈkɒntɹɑːst/noun · B1+The sharp difference that shows when two things sit side by side.
- contrastingadjective · B2+Strikingly different, and set side by side on purpose.
- contravene/ˌkɒn.tɹəˈviːn/verb · C1To act against a rule or a law.
- contribute/kənˈt(ʃ)ɹɪb.juːt/verb · B2To add your share to a joint effort.
- contributor/kənˈtɹɪb.jə.tɚ/noun · C1Somebody who gives something towards a whole.
- contrite/kənˈtɹaɪt/adjective · C1Deeply sorry for having done wrong.
- contrition/kənˈtɹɪʃən/noun · C2Deep sorrow for having done wrong.
- contrivance/kənˈtɹaɪ.vəns/noun · C1A clever device, or a plan that feels artificial.
- contrive/kənˈtɹaɪv/verb · C2To manage to do something by clever planning.
- control/kənˈtɹəʊl/noun · A2Power over how something behaves.
- control groupnoun · B2The group that gets no treatment, for comparison.
- control towernoun · B2The tall building from which aircraft are directed.
- controller/kənˈtɹəʊlə/noun · B1+The handheld device used to play a video game.
- controversial/ˌkɒn.tɹəˈvɜː.ʃəl/adjective · B2+Splitting people into loud opposing camps.
- controversy/kənˈtɹɒv.ə.si/noun · B2+A long public argument that splits opinion.
- conundrum/kəˈnʌn.dɹəm/noun · C1A puzzle with no easy answer.
- convalesce/ˌkɒn.vəˈlɛs/verb · C1To recover slowly after an illness.
- convene/kənˈviːn/verb · C1To call people together for a meeting.
- convenience/kənˈviːnɪəns/noun · B2The quality of being easy and suiting your needs.
- convenient/kənˈviː.niənt/adjective · B1Easy and comfortable to use; saving you time and trouble.
- conveniently/kənˈvinjəntli/adverb · B2In a way that suits your needs and saves trouble.
- convent/ˈkɒn.vɛnt/noun · B2The house where nuns live together.
- convention/kənˈvɛn.ʃən/noun · B2An accepted way of doing things.
- conventional/kənˈvɛnʃənl̩/adjective · B2Following the usual accepted way.
- converge/kənˈvɜːd͡ʒ/verb · B2+To come together towards one point.
- convergence/kənˈvɜːd͡ʒəns/noun · C1A coming together at one point.
- conversation/ˌkɒn.vəˈseɪ.ʃn̩/noun · A1Two or more people speaking together.
- conversational/ˌkɒnvə(ɹ)ˈseɪʃənəl/adjective · B1Relaxed and informal, like ordinary talk.
- conversely/kənˈvɜːsli/adverb · C1Looked at the other way round.
- conversion/kənˈvɜːʃ(ə)n/noun · C1The kick taken after a score for extra points.
- conversion ratenoun · C1What share of visitors actually buy.
- convert/ˈkɒn.vət/verb · B2To change something from one form or belief into another.
- convertible/kənˈvɜː(ɹ)təbəl/noun · B2A car whose roof folds away.
- convex/ˈkɒn.vɛks/adjective · C1Curving outward, like the back of a spoon.
- convey/kənˈveɪ/verb · B2+To carry a meaning or feeling across to someone.
- conveyor/kənˈveɪə/noun · B2+A moving belt that carries goods along.
- conveyor beltphrase · B2The moving loop where you wait for your suitcase to appear.
- convict/kənˈvɪkt/verb · C1To find somebody guilty of a crime.
- conviction/kənˈvɪkʃən/noun · B2A court's formal finding that a person is guilty.
- convince/kənˈvɪns/verb · B1To make someone believe that you are right.
- convince yourselfphrase · B2To talk yourself into believing something.
- convinced/kənˈvɪnst/adjective · B1Completely sure of something.
- convincing/kənˈvɪnsɪŋ/adjective · B2Strong enough to make people believe.
- convivial/kənˈvɪv.i.əl/adjective · C2Friendly and lively in company.
- convoluted/ˌkɒnvəˈl(j)uːtɪd/adjective · C1So twisted and involved that it is hard to follow.
- convoy/ˈkɒn.vɔɪ/noun · B2+A group of vehicles or ships travelling under protection.
- convulse/kənˈvʌls/verb · C1To shake violently with sudden uncontrolled movement.
- coo/kuː/verb · B2+To make the soft low sound of a pigeon.
- cook/kʊk/verb · A2To prepare food using heat.
- cookwarenoun · B2+Pots and pans taken all together.
- cool/kuːl/adjective · A1Pleasantly a little cold, like evening air.
- cool boxnoun · B1An insulated box that keeps food cold.
- cool down/kuːl ˈdaʊn/phrase · B1To become less hot — or less angry.
- cooling fannoun · B1The blades that blow heat away from a chip.
- coolness/ˈkuːlnəs/noun · B2+Mild coldness, or calm unfriendliness.
- coop/kuːp/noun · B1+The small house hens sleep in.
- cooper/ˈkuːpə(ɹ)/noun · C1A craftsman who makes barrels.
- cooperate/kəʊˈɒp.ə.ɹeɪt/verb · B2To work together willingly toward the same end.
- cooperation/kəʊˌɒp.əˈɹeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2The working together of people towards one end.
- cooperative/kuˈɑp.ɹətɪv/adjective · C1Willing to work together.
- coordinate/kəʊˈɔː.dɪ.nɪt/noun · C1A number that fixes a position on a grid.
- coordination/kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃən/noun · C1The organising of parts so they work as one.
- coordinatornoun · C1Somebody who makes separate parts work together.
- coot/kuːt/noun · C1A black water bird with a white shield on its face.
- cop/kɒp/noun · A2A police officer, said informally.
- cope/ˈkəʊp/verb · B2To deal successfully with something difficult.
- copingnoun · B1+Managing to deal with something hard.
- coping mechanismnoun · C1A habit a person uses to get through stress.
- coping strategynoun · B2A planned way of getting through something hard.
- copious/ˈkoʊ.pi.əs/adjective · C1Present in large quantity.
- copper/ˈkɒpə/noun · B1The reddish metal inside electrical wires and old coins.
- copper/ˈkɒpə/adjective · B1A warm reddish brown metal shade.
- copper/ˈkɒpə/noun · B1A soft reddish metal that carries current well.
- coprolite/ˈkɒprəˌlaɪt/noun · C2The fossilised droppings of an ancient animal.
- copse/kɒps/noun · C2A small group of trees.
- copy/ˈkɒpi/noun · A2The words written for an advertisement.
- copycat/kɑpiˈkæt/noun · B2Somebody who imitates what another does.
- copyright/ˈkɑpiˌɹaɪt/noun · C1The exclusive right to copy and sell a creative work.
- copyright noticenoun · B2The line stating who holds the rights to a work.
- copywriter/ˈkɒpiˌɹaɪtə/noun · B2+Somebody who writes advertising words for a living.
- coracle/ˈkɒɹəkəl/noun · C2A small round boat of hide over a frame.
- coral/ˈkɒɹəl/noun · B2The colorful underwater structures built by tiny sea creatures.
- cord/ˈkɔːd/noun · B1Thin rope, or a length of it.
- cordial/ˈkɔː.di.əl/noun · B2+A sweet syrup you dilute with water.
- cordon/ˈkɔː(ɹ)dən/noun · C1A line drawn around a scene to keep people out.
- cordon offphrase · C1To close an area with a barrier so nobody may enter.
- corduroy/ˈkɔːdəɹɔɪ/<a:RP>noun · C1Thick cotton fabric with soft raised ridges running down it.
- cordwainernoun · C2A shoemaker who works in fine leather.
- core/kɔː/noun · B2The hard middle of a fruit, thrown away.
- coriander/ˌkɒ.ɹiˈæn.də/noun · B2+A fresh green herb people either love or hate.
- cork/kɔɹk/noun · B1+The soft plug that seals a wine bottle.
- cork/kɔɹk/noun · B1+A light springy bark used for stoppers and floors.
- corkage/ˈkɔːkɪdʒ/noun · C1A fee for drinking wine you brought yourself.
- corkscrew/ˈkɔːk.skɹuː/noun · B1+The twisting tool that pulls the stopper out of a wine bottle.
- cormorant/ˈkɔːməɹənt/noun · C1A dark diving bird that stands with its wings spread to dry.
- corn/ˈkɔːn/noun · A1A tall yellow plant with sweet seeds on a long cob.
- corner/ˈkɔːnə(ɹ)/noun · A2The point where two streets meet.
- corner shopnoun · B1The small local shop that sells a bit of everything.
- cornerstone/ˈkɔː.nə.stəʊn/noun · B2+The first stone laid, and anything a thing depends on.
- cornflower/ˈkɔɹnˌflaʊ.ɚ/noun · C1A bright blue wild flower of the fields.
- cornice/ˈkɔːnɪs/noun · C1The decorative moulding where wall meets ceiling.
- cornucopia/ˌkɔː.njəˈkəʊ.pi.ə/noun · C2An overflowing supply of good things.
- corny/ˈkɔːni/adjective · B2So sentimental or obvious that it makes you wince.
- corollary/kɒˈɹɒləɹi/noun · C2Something that follows immediately from what is proved.
- coronary/ˈkɔɹənɛɹi/noun · C1A blockage of an artery supplying the heart.
- coronation/kɒɹəˈneɪʃn̩/noun · B2+The ceremony where a monarch is crowned.
- coroner/ˈkɒ.ɹə.nə(ɹ)/noun · B2The official who investigates a sudden or unexplained death.
- coronet/ˈkɒɹənɪt/noun · C1A small crown worn by a noble.
- corporal/ˈkɔːp(ə)ɹəl/noun · B2A rank in the army just below a sergeant.
- corporate/ˈkɔː.pə.ɹət/adjective · B2Belonging to a large company.
- corporation/ˌkɔː.pəˈɹeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2A very large formal company, often global.
- corps/kɔː/noun · B2An organised body of people, especially a military branch.
- corps de balletnoun · C2The dancers who perform as a group rather than as soloists.
- corpse/kɔːps/noun · B2A dead human body.
- corpus/ˈkɔːpəs/noun · C2A large collected body of writing or of data.
- corral/kəˈɹæl/noun · B2A fenced pen for horses or cattle.
- correct/kəˈɹɛkt/adjective · A1With no mistakes in it.
- correction/kəˈɹɛkʃən/noun · C1A small notice putting right an earlier mistake.
- correctionaladjective · C1To do with the punishment and reform of offenders.
- correctnessnoun · B2+Freedom from error.
- correlate/ˈkɒɹəleɪt/verb · C1To move together in a way that suggests a link.
- correlation/ˌkɒɹ.əˈleɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+A statistical link between two things — which is not yet causation.
- correspond/ˌkɒɹɪˈspɒnd/verb · C1To match up with something; also, to exchange letters.
- correspondence/ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈspɒn.dəns/noun · C1Letters exchanged, or the fact of matching.
- correspondent/ˌkɒɹ.ɪˈspɒn.dənt/noun · C1The reporter stationed far away, telling the news from there.
- corresponding/ˌkɔɹəˈspɑndɪŋ/adjective · C1Matching another in kind or position.
- correspondingly/ˌkɔ.ɹəˈspɑn.dɪŋ.li/adverb · B2+In a matching way.
- corridor/ˈkɒɹɪdɔː/noun · B2The long passage inside a building that rooms open onto.
- corridor/ˈkɒɹɪdɔː/noun · B1The passage running along a carriage.
- corroborate/kəˈɹɒbəɹeɪ̯t/verb · C1To confirm what somebody else has found.
- corroborationnoun · C1Independent confirmation that something is true.
- corrosion/kəˈɹəʊʒən/noun · B2+The slow chemical destruction of a metal surface.
- corrosive/kəˈɹəʊsɪv/adjective · B2+Able to eat away skin or metal.
- corrugatedadjective · C2Shaped into ridges and grooves, like shed-roof metal.
- corrupt/kəˈɹʌpt/adjective · B2Willing to act dishonestly in return for money or favours.
- corruption/kəˈɹʌpʃən/noun · C1Officials secretly selling their power for money.
- corsair/kɔːɹsɛəɹ/noun · C2A pirate, especially of the Mediterranean.
- corset/ˈkɔː(ɹ).sɪt/noun · B2+A stiff close-fitting undergarment that shapes the waist.
- cortege/kɔɹˈtɛʒ/noun · C2A solemn procession, especially at a funeral.
- cosmetic/kɒzˈmɛtɪk/noun · B1+A product put on the face or body to improve the look.
- cosmic/ˈkɒz.mɪk/adjective · B2To do with the universe, or vast beyond measure.
- cosmology/kɑzˈmɑləd͡ʒi/noun · C1The study of how the universe is made and began.
- cost an arm and a legphrase · B2To be terribly expensive.
- cost of livingnoun · B2How much it takes to pay for everyday needs.
- cost the earthphrase · B2To be outrageously expensive.
- cost-effectiveadjective · C1Giving good value for what it costs.
- costa ricaphrase · B1The peaceful Central American country of rainforests, with no army at all.
- costermongernoun · C2A street trader selling fruit and vegetables.
- costly/ˈkɒst.li/adjective · C1Expensive, or damaging in what it takes from you.
- costume/ˈkɒs.tjuːm/noun · B1Special clothes that turn you into someone else for a night.
- cot/kɒt/noun · B1+A small high-sided bed that keeps a baby safe.
- cottage/ˈkɒt.ɪd͡ʒ/noun · B1+A small cozy house in the countryside.
- cottage cheesenoun · B1A lumpy fresh white cheese, low in fat.
- cotton/ˈkɒt.n̩/noun · B1The soft natural material from a plant that most T-shirts are made of.
- cotton budnoun · B1A small stick with cotton on each end.
- cotton onphrase · C1To finally understand what is going on.
- cotton wool/ˈkɒtən wʊl/noun · B1Soft fluffy cotton used for cleaning skin.
- cottonwoodnoun · C1A poplar whose seeds carry white fluffy tufts.
- couch potato/ˈkaʊtʃ pəˌteɪtəʊ/phrase · B2A person who lies on the sofa watching TV all day.
- cougar/ˈkuːɡə/noun · B2A large tawny American wild cat.
- cough/kɒf/noun · B1The loud sound your throat makes again and again when you're ill.
- cough/kɒf/verb · A2To push air out of the throat with a sharp noise.
- council/ˈkaʊn.səl/noun · B2The elected group that runs local matters for a town.
- council taxnoun · B2The local charge paid on a home.
- councillornoun · C1An elected member of a local governing body.
- counsel/ˈkaʊn.səl/verb · B2To give careful guidance, especially in trouble.
- counsellingnoun · C1Guided conversation that helps somebody work things out.
- counsellornoun · C1A trained listener who helps people with problems.
- count/kaʊnt/verb · A2To say numbers in order to find how many there are.
- count on/kaʊntʌn/phrase · B2To trust someone to be there when it matters.
- countdown/ˈkaʊntˌdaʊn/noun · B1Counting backwards to the moment of an event.
- countenance/ˈkaʊn.tə.nəns/verb · C2To allow or approve of something.
- counter/ˈkaʊn.tə/noun · B2The flat work surface where all the chopping and mixing happens.
- counter servicenoun · B2Ordering and collecting at a counter yourself.
- counter-offernoun · C1A better offer made to keep you from leaving.
- counterargumentnoun · B2+A piece of reasoning put forward to oppose the reasoning someone else has already given.
- counterattacknoun · B2+An attack made in reply to being attacked.
- counterchangenoun · C2A pattern where colours swap across a dividing line.
- counterexamplenoun · C1One case that shows a general claim is false.
- counterfeit/ˈkaʊn.tɚˌfɪt/adjective · B2+Made as an illegal fake copy of the real branded thing.
- countermand/ˌkaʊntəˈmɑːnd/verb · C2To cancel an order already given.
- counterpart/ˈkaʊntəˌpɑːt/noun · C1The person or thing matching another elsewhere.
- counterpoint/ˈkaʊntə(ɹ)ˌpɔɪnt/noun · C1Two melodies sounded together, or a contrasting element.
- counterproductive/ˌkaʊntəpɹəˈdʌktɪv/adjective · C2Having the opposite effect to the one intended.
- countersinkverb · C2To widen a hole's mouth so a screw sits flush.
- countless/ˈkaʊntləs/adjective · B2Too many to be counted.
- country lane/ˌkʌntri ˈleɪn/noun · B1A narrow road between hedges.
- countryman/ˈkʌntɹimən/noun · B2+Somebody from your own nation, or somebody who lives rurally.
- countryside/ˈkʌn.tɹiˌsaɪd/noun · B1+The green open land outside towns, with farms and fields.
- countryside walknoun · B1A journey on foot through fields and lanes.
- countrywide/ˌkʌn.tɹiˈwaɪd/adjective · B2Happening across the whole nation.
- county/ˈkaʊnti/noun · B1A region of a country with its own local government.
- coup/kuː/noun · B2A sudden seizing of power from a government by force.
- coup d'etatnoun · C1A sudden illegal seizure of government.
- coupe/kuːp/noun · B2+A low sporty car with only two doors.
- couple/ˈkʌp.əl/noun · A2Two people who are together in love.
- couple/ˈkʌp.əl/verb · B2To join two vehicles together.
- coupling/ˈkʌplɪŋ/noun · C1The link that joins one vehicle to the next.
- coupon/ˈkuːˌpɒn/noun · B1+A slip of paper or code that cuts the price at the till.
- courage/ˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/noun · B2The strength inside that lets you face fear.
- courgette/kʊɚˈʒɛt/noun · B1+A long green summer squash.
- courier/ˈkʊ.ɹi.ə/noun · B1+A service that carries urgent packages by hand.
- courier/ˈkʊ.ɹi.ə/noun · B1+A person who delivers parcels by hand.
- courier/ˈkʊ.ɹi.ə/noun · B2Somebody who carries messages by hand.
- course/kɔːs/noun · A1A complete series of lessons on one topic.
- courser/ˈkɜːsə/noun · C2A swift horse used in war or hunting.
- courseworknoun · B2The assignments done during a course that count toward the grade.
- court/ˈkɔːt/noun · B1The marked hard ground where tennis or basketball is played.
- court/ˈkɔːt/noun · B1The formal room where a judge decides if someone broke the law.
- court martialnoun · C1A military court that tries soldiers.
- court-martialnoun · C1A trial held by a military court.
- courteous/ˈkɜːti.əs/adjective · B2Politely respectful in an old-fashioned way.
- courtesan/kɔːtɪˈzæn/noun · C1A prostitute with wealthy or noble clients.
- courtesy/ˈkɜːtəsi/noun · B2Polite and considerate behaviour.
- courtesy callnoun · C1A visit or call made out of politeness.
- courthouse/ˈkɔɹt.haʊs/noun · B1+The building where trials are held.
- courtier/ˈkɔɹtiɚ/noun · C1Somebody who attends a royal court.
- courtly/ˈkɔːtli/adjective · C1Polished and dignified, as at a royal court.
- courtship/ˈkɔːt.ʃɪp/noun · C1The time of trying to win somebody's love.
- courtyard/ˈkɔɹt.jɑɹd/noun · B1+An open space enclosed by the walls of a building.
- courtyard viewnoun · B2A room looking onto the enclosed inner space.
- couscous/ˈkʊs.kʊs/noun · B2+Tiny grains of steamed wheat from North Africa.
- cousin/ˈkʌzn̩/noun · A1The child of your uncle or aunt.
- covalent/kəʊˈveɪ.lənt/adjective · C1Bonded by sharing electrons between atoms.
- cove/kəʊv/noun · B2A small sheltered bay.
- coven/ˈkʌv.ən/noun · C1A gathering of witches.
- covenant/ˈkʌv.ən.ənt/noun · C1A solemn binding agreement, especially with a god.
- cover/ˈkʌvɚ/verb · A2To put something over a thing so it is hidden or protected.
- cover all the basesphrase · C1To prepare for every possibility.
- cover letternoun · B2The one-page letter sent with your CV to sell yourself.
- cover storynoun · B2The main article, announced on the front.
- cover your mouthphrase · B1To put a hand over the lips in shock.
- cover your tracksphrase · C1To remove the signs that you were there.
- cover-up/ˈkʌvɚˌʌp/noun · B2An organised effort to hide a scandal.
- coverage/ˈkʌv.(ə.)ɹɪdʒ/noun · B2The amount and kind of reporting a subject gets.
- covering letternoun · B2The letter sent with an application explaining yourself.
- covers/ˈkʌvɚz/noun · C1The number of guests a restaurant serves in a sitting.
- covers/ˈkʌvɚz/noun · B1The blankets on a bed.
- covert/ˈkəʊvɜːt/adjective · C1Done in secret, hidden from view.
- covet/ˈkʌvɪt/verb · C1To want badly something that belongs to another.
- covetous/ˈkʌvətəs/adjective · C1Longing to possess what belongs to somebody else.
- cow/kaʊ/noun · A1A big farm animal that says moo and gives milk.
- coward/ˈkaʊəd/noun · B1Somebody who has too little courage to face danger, and is despised for it.
- cowardice/ˈkaʊədɪs/noun · B2+A lack of courage when courage is needed.
- cowardly/ˈkaʊədli/adjective · B2Running from anything frightening.
- cower/ˈkaʊɚ/verb · C1To crouch down in fear.
- cowherdnoun · C1Somebody whose job is looking after cattle.
- cowl/kaʊl/noun · C2A hood attached to a monk's robe.
- cowlick/ˈkaʊˌlɪk/noun · C1A tuft of hair that will not lie flat.
- coxcomb/ˈkɒks.koʊm/noun · C2A vain man who fusses over his appearance.
- cozen/ˈkəʊzən/verb · C2To cheat somebody by clever persuasion.
- cozyadjective · B1Warm, comfortable, and pleasant — like a small room with a fire.
- cprnoun · B2Pressing the chest and breathing for someone whose heart stopped.
- crab/kɹæb/noun · B2A sea animal with a hard shell that walks sideways.
- crabbed/kɹæbd/adjective · C2Bad-tempered, or cramped and hard to read.
- crack/kɹæk/verb · A2To break a shell open with a sharp knock.
- crack/kɹæk/verb · B1To break a surface without it falling apart.
- crack/kɹæk/noun · A2A narrow break that has not yet come apart.
- crack down onphrase · B2To start dealing with something far more strictly.
- crackdown/ˈkɹækdaʊn/noun · B2+A sudden severe effort to stop something.
- cracker/ˈkɹækə(ɹ)/noun · A2+A thin dry biscuit eaten with cheese.
- crackle/ˈkɹækəl/verb · B2To make the small popping snaps of a burning fire.
- crackpot/ˈkɹæk.pɒt/noun · C1Somebody with wild and eccentric ideas.
- cradle/ˈkɹeɪdəl/noun · B1A tiny rocking bed for a baby.
- craft/ˈkɹɑːft/verb · B2To make something skilfully by hand.
- craftsman/ˈkɹɑːftsmən/noun · B2A skilled worker who makes things well by hand.
- crag/ˈkɹæɡ/noun · C1A steep rugged mass of rock.
- craggy/ˈkɹæɡ.i/adjective · C1Full of steep rough rock.
- cram/kɹæm/verb · B2To force a term's worth of study into the night before the exam.
- crammingnoun · B2+Trying to learn a great deal at the last minute.
- cramp/kɹæmp/noun · B1+A sudden painful tightening of a muscle.
- cramped/kɹæmpt/adjective · B2+So small that there is no room to move.
- cranberry/ˈkræn.b(ə).ri/noun · B1A sharp red berry served with roast turkey.
- crane/kɹeɪn/noun · B2The giant machine arm that lifts heavy loads high above a building site.
- crane trucknoun · B2A vehicle with an arm for lifting heavy loads.
- crank/kɹænk/noun · B2The arm that carries a pedal round.
- crankshaftnoun · C1The shaft that turns up-and-down movement into spinning.
- cranky/kɹænki/adjective · B2In a bad temper over small things, like a tired child.
- crannog/ˈkɹænəɡ/noun · C2An ancient dwelling built on an island in a lake.
- cranny/ˈkɹæni/noun · C1A small narrow opening in a wall or rock.
- crash/ˈkɹæʃ/noun · B1A violent smash of vehicles on the road or from the sky.
- crash/ˈkɹæʃ/noun · A2The loud noise of things breaking together.
- crash/ˈkɹæʃ/verb · B1To strike something violently while moving.
- crass/kɹæs/adjective · C2Rude and unfeeling in a thick-skinned, tasteless way.
- crate/kɹeɪt/noun · B1+A strong open box for carrying goods.
- crater/ˈkɹeɪ.tə(ɹ)/noun · B2The great round hollow left by a volcano or falling space rock.
- crave/kɹeɪv/verb · C1To want something so badly your whole body asks for it.
- craven/ˈkɹeɪ.vən/adjective · C2Shamefully lacking in courage.
- craving/ˈkɹeɪ.vɪŋ/noun · C1A powerful urge that overrides intention.
- crawl/kɹɔːl/verb · B1To move along the floor on your hands and knees, like a baby.
- crayon/ˈkɹeɪ̯.ɒn/noun · B1The colored wax stick small children draw with.
- crazed/kɹeɪzd/adjective · C1Driven frantic by rage, grief, or pain, so that a person acts wildly out of control.
- crazieradjective · A2+More wild or unreasonable.
- crazinessnoun · B2+Wild unreasonable behaviour.
- crazy/ˈkɹeɪ.zi/adjective · A2Completely without sense or reason; wild in the head.
- creak/kɹiːk/verb · B2+To make the long squeaking groan of old floors and doors.
- cream/kɹiːm/noun · A2The thick rich part that rises to the top of milk.
- cream/kɹiːm/adjective · B1A soft off-white with a yellow warmth.
- creamy/ˈkɹiːmi/adjective · B1+Smooth, thick, and rich like whipped milk.
- crease/kɹiːs/noun · B2An unwanted line pressed into cloth.
- crease upphrase · C1To laugh helplessly, or to make somebody do so.
- create/kɹiːˈeɪt/verb · A1To bring something completely new into the world.
- creation/ˈkɹiˈeɪʃən/noun · B2The making of something, or the thing made.
- creative/kɹiˈeɪtɪv/adjective · B1Full of new ideas; good at making new things.
- creatively/kɹiˈeɪtɪvli/adverb · B2+In an original and imaginative way.
- creativity/kri.eɪˈtɪv.ᵻ.ti/noun · B2The ability to make new and original things.
- creator/kɹiːˈeɪ̯təː/noun · C1The person who made something.
- creature/ˈkɹiː.tʃə/noun · B1Any living being that is not a plant.
- credence/ˈkɹiː.dəns/noun · C1Belief that something is true.
- credential/kɹɪˈdɛnʃəl/noun · C1A qualification that proves you are entitled to do something.
- credibility/kɹɛd.əˈbɪ.ɫɪ.ti/noun · C1How much a source deserves to be believed.
- credible/ˈkɹɛdəbl̩/adjective · C1Able to be believed.
- credibly/ˈkɹɛdɪbli/adverb · C1In a way that can be believed.
- credit/ˈkɹɛdɪt/noun · A2+Money you may spend now and pay for later, or praise given.
- credit card/ˈkɹɛdɪt ˌkɑɹd/phrase · A1The plastic rectangle you tap or swipe to pay without cash.
- credit checknoun · B2An inspection of your borrowing history.
- credit limitnoun · B2The most a lender will let you borrow.
- credit scorenoun · B2A number showing how safe a borrower you are.
- creditor/ˈkɹɛdɪtə/noun · C1A person or firm that is owed money.
- credits/ˈkɹɛdɪts/noun · B1+The list of everybody who worked on the film.
- credulity/kɹɪˈd͡ʒuːlɪti/noun · C2Being far too ready to believe things.
- credulous/ˈkɹɛd͡ʒələs/adjective · C2Ready to believe far too easily.
- creed/kɹiːd/noun · C1A short formal statement of what a faith believes.
- creek/ˈkɹiːk/noun · B2A small stream, or a narrow inlet of the sea.
- creep/kɹiːp/verb · B1To move slowly and quietly so as not to be noticed.
- creep up onphrase · B2To approach unnoticed, as age or a deadline does.
- creeper/ˈkɹipɚ/noun · B2+A plant that spreads along the ground or up a wall.
- cremation/kɹɪˈmeɪʃən/noun · B2+Reducing a body to ashes by fire.
- crematorium/kɹɛməˈtɔːɹɪəm/noun · B2+The building where bodies are burned.
- crenel/ˈkɹɛnəl/noun · C2One of the gaps in a battlement.
- crenellate/ˈkɹɛnɛleɪt/verb · C2To build notches into the top of a wall.
- crepe/kɹeɪp/noun · B1+A very thin pancake, or a crinkled fabric.
- crescendo/kɹɪˈʃɛn.dəʊ/noun · B2+A passage that grows steadily louder.
- crescendo/kɹɪˈʃɛn.dəʊ/noun · C1A rise in loudness towards a peak.
- crescent/ˈkɹɛz.ənt/noun · B1+The curved sliver shape of a new moon.
- crest/kɹɛst/noun · B2A tuft of feathers a bird can raise on its head.
- crestfallen/ˈkɹɛstfɔːlən/adjective · C1Suddenly downcast after hoping for better.
- cretaceous/kɹəˈteɪ.ʃəs/adjective · C1Of the last age of the great reptiles.
- cretin/ˈkɹɛtɪn/noun · C1A stupid person, in offensive informal use.
- crevasse/kɹəˈvæs/noun · C1A deep split in a glacier.
- crevice/ˈkɹɛvɪs/noun · B2+A narrow crack in a rock or a wall.
- crew/kɹuː/noun · B1All the people who work together on a plane or a ship.
- crew/kɹuː/noun · B1Everyone working behind the camera.
- crew cutnoun · B2A very short haircut all over.
- crewmannoun · B2+One of the sailors working a ship.
- crib/kɹɪb/noun · B1The barred bed a baby sleeps in, in American English.
- cricket/ˈkɹɪkɪt/noun · B1The jumping insect that chirps loudly on summer nights.
- cricket batnoun · B1The flat willow blade used to strike the ball.
- crime/kɹaɪm/noun · A2An action that breaks the law.
- crime scenenoun · B2The place where an offence happened, sealed for examination.
- criminal/ˈkɹɪm.ɪ.nəl/noun · A2A person who has broken the law.
- crimson/ˈkɹɪmzən/adjective · B2+A deep rich red with a hint of purple.
- cringe/ˈkɹɪnd͡ʒ/verb · B2+To pull back in embarrassment or distaste.
- crinkle/ˈkɹɪŋkəl/verb · B2+To form small folds and wrinkles.
- cripple/ˈkɹɪp(ə)l/verb · B2To leave a person or machine unable to move or work properly, without destroying it outright.
- crisis/ˈkɹaɪsɪs/noun · B1A moment when something must give way.
- crisis linenoun · B2A number answered at any hour by someone trained.
- crisp/kɹɪsp/adjective · B1Firm and fresh, breaking with a clean snap.
- crispy/ˈkɹɪs.pi/adjective · A2+Pleasantly hard and crackling when bitten.
- crisscross/ˈkɹɪsˌkɹɒs/verb · B2+To cross back and forth over something.
- criteria/kɹaɪˈtɪə.ɹi.ə/noun · C1The standards something is judged against.
- criterion/kɹɪˈtɪəɹi.ən/noun · B2+A single standard used to judge something — its plural ends in -a.
- criterium/kɹaɪˈtɪəɹiəm/noun · C2A race of many laps round a short town circuit.
- critic/ˈkɹɪt.ɪk/noun · B2Somebody who judges books, films or music publicly.
- critical/ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kəl/adjective · B2Extremely important at this exact moment; also, quick to point out faults.
- critical conditionnoun · B2A state where a patient could still die.
- critically/ˈkɹɪt.ɪ.kə.li/adverb · B2+In a way that judges severely, or dangerously so.
- criticism/ˈkɹɪtɪsɪzm̩/noun · B2Fault-finding, or careful judgement of a work.
- criticize/ˈkɹɪtɪsaɪz/verb · B2To point out everything wrong with something.
- critique/kɹɪˈtiːk/noun · B2+A detailed judgment of a work's strengths and weaknesses.
- critter/ˈkɹɪtɚ/noun · C2A homely word for a small animal.
- croak/kɹoʊk/verb · B2To make a deep hoarse sound.
- croatianoun · B1The Adriatic country of a thousand islands and old stone towns.
- crochet/kɹoʊˈʃeɪ/noun · B2+Making fabric by looping yarn with a single hook.
- crockery/ˈkɹɒkəɹi/noun · B2+Plates, bowls, and cups — all the table dishes together.
- crocodile/ˈkɹɑkədaɪl/noun · B2A long dangerous river animal with a huge mouth full of teeth.
- crocus/ˈkɹəʊ.kəs/noun · B2+A low cup-shaped flower that opens in early spring.
- croft/kɹɒft/noun · C2A small rented farm in Scotland.
- crofternoun · C2A small tenant farmer, especially in Scotland.
- croissant/ˈk(ɹ)wæsɒ̃/noun · A2+The curved French breakfast pastry with buttery layers.
- crone/kɹoʊn/noun · C1An ugly old woman, in stories.
- crony/ˈkɹoʊni/noun · C2A close friend, especially one given unfair favours.
- crook/kɹʊk/noun · B2A staff with a hooked end, or a dishonest person.
- crop/kɹɒp/verb · B2To cut the edges off a picture.
- crop rotationnoun · B2Changing what is grown in a field each year.
- crop upphrase · B2To appear unexpectedly.
- cross/kɹɒs/noun · A2The shape of the letter X, or of a plus sign.
- cross/kɹɒs/verb · A1To go from one side of a road or river to the other.
- cross that bridge when you come to itphrase · C1To deal with a problem only when it actually arrives.
- cross your fingersphrase · B1To fold one finger over another for luck.
- cross your legsphrase · B1To rest one leg over the other while sitting.
- cross your mindphrase · B2For a thought to pass through briefly.
- cross-countrynoun · B2Racing over long distances on flat or rolling ground.
- cross-examineverb · C1To question the other side's witness to test their story.
- cross-eyedadjective · C1With both eyes turned in toward the nose.
- cross-referencenoun · C1A note pointing the reader to another place in the work.
- cross-sellverb · C1To sell something extra alongside the main purchase.
- crossbar/ˈkɹ̠ɑs.bɑɹ/noun · B2+The tube joining the seat to the steering column.
- crossbow/ˈkɹɒsbəʊ/noun · B2+A bow set across a stock and fired like a gun.
- crossbreed/ˈkɹɑːsˌbɹiːd/noun · B2+An animal whose parents were of two different breeds.
- crossfitnoun · B2Training that mixes lifting, gymnastics and running.
- crossing gatenoun · B2The barrier that closes a road when a train comes.
- crossovernoun · B2+A story bringing characters from separate works together.
- crossroadsnoun · B1+A place where two roads cross each other.
- crosswalknoun · B1+The striped place on the road where walkers may go across.
- crossword/ˈkɹɒswɜː(ɹ)d/noun · B1+The word puzzle of numbered clues and crossing white squares.
- crossword cluenoun · B1The riddle that tells you which word to write in.
- crotch/kɹɑt͡ʃ/noun · B2The place where the legs join the body.
- crouch/ˈkɹaʊ̯t͡ʃ/verb · B2To bend low with folded legs, ready to spring.
- crow/kɹəʊ/noun · B1A big all-black bird with a harsh call.
- crow's feetnoun · C1The fine lines that fan out from the corner of an eye.
- crowbar/ˈkɹoʊˌbɑɹ/noun · B2The long iron bar used to force things open by leverage.
- crowd/ˈkɹaʊ̯d/noun · A2A large mass of people gathered in one place.
- crowd aroundphrase · B1To gather closely on every side of something.
- crowded/ˈkɹaʊdɪd/adjective · A2+Overfull with people, like a rush-hour train.
- crown/kɹaʊ̯n/noun · B1The golden hat of a king or queen.
- crowning/ˈkɹaʊnɪŋ/adjective · C1Standing at the very top of a person's achievements as the final glory that completes them.
- crucible/ˈkɹuː.sɪ.bəl/noun · C1A small pot for melting things at high heat.
- crucifix/ˈkɹuː.sɪˌfɪks/noun · B2A cross bearing a figure of Christ.
- crucify/ˈkɹuːsɪfaɪ/verb · B2To put to death on a cross, or to attack savagely.
- crude/kɹuːd/adjective · C1Rough and unfinished; also, rude in a vulgar way.
- crude oilnoun · B2The thick dark liquid pumped from underground.
- cruel/ˈkɹuːəl/adjective · B1Enjoying causing pain to people or animals.
- cruelty/ˈkɹuː(.ə)lti/noun · B2Deliberate causing of pain or suffering.
- cruelty-freeadjective · B2Made without testing on animals.
- cruet/ˈkɹu.ɪt/noun · C2The small stand holding salt and pepper.
- cruise/kɹuːz/noun · B1A holiday spent on a huge ship that visits port after port.
- cruising altitudenoun · C1The steady height a flight settles at.
- crumb/kɹʌm/noun · C1A tiny piece that falls from bread or cake.
- crumble/ˈkɹʌmbəl/noun · B2Baked fruit under a rough sweet topping.
- crumble/ˈkɹʌmbəl/verb · B1To fall apart into small dry pieces.
- crumblyadjective · B2+Falling apart into little dry pieces.
- crumple/ˈkɹʌmpəl/verb · B2+To crush into folds and creases.
- crunch/kɹʌnt͡ʃ/verb · B2To make the sound of something hard being crushed.
- crunchy/ˈkɹʌnt͡ʃi/adjective · A2+Making a loud crackling sound between your teeth, like crisps.
- crusade/kɹuːˈseɪd/noun · B2A medieval religious war fought far from home.
- crush/kɹʌʃ/verb · B1To press something until it breaks into small pieces.
- crust/kɹʌst/noun · B2The thin solid outer layer of the earth.
- crustacean/kɹʌsˈteɪʃən/noun · B2+A hard-shelled water animal with jointed legs.
- crusty/ˈkɹʌsti/adjective · B2Having a hard dry outer layer.
- crutch/ˈkɹʌt͡ʃ/noun · B1+A stick under your arm that helps you walk with a broken leg.
- crutchesnoun · B1+The two sticks you lean on to walk with a broken leg.
- crux/kɹʌks/noun · C1The decisive point of a matter.
- cry/kɹaɪ/verb · A1To have water fall from your eyes because you are sad.
- cry over spilled milkphrase · B2To waste sadness on a small mistake already made.
- crypt/kɹɪpt/noun · B2+A stone room beneath a church, used for burials.
- cryptic/ˈkɹɪptɪk/adjective · C1Deliberately hard to understand.
- cryptocurrency/ˈkɹɪp.toʊˌkɝ.ən.si/noun · B2Digital money that lives on no bank, only on math.
- crystal/ˈkɹɪstəl/noun · B1A solid whose atoms line up in beautiful repeating shapes.
- crystal ballnoun · B1The glass sphere used to see the future.
- cub/kʌb/noun · A2+The baby of a bear, lion, or tiger.
- cubanoun · B1+The Caribbean island of old cars, cigars, and salsa.
- cube/kjuːb/noun · B2A solid shape with six equal square faces, like dice.
- cubic/ˈkjuː.bɪk/adjective · B2+Shaped like a cube, or measured in three dimensions.
- cubicle/ˈkjuːbɪkəl/noun · B2+A small work space walled off by low partitions.
- cuboid/ˈkjuːbɔɪd/noun · C1A box shape with six rectangular faces.
- cuckold/ˈkʌ.kəʊld/noun · C2A man whose wife has been unfaithful.
- cuckoo/ˈkʊkuː/noun · B1+A bird that lays its eggs in the nests of others.
- cucumber/ˈkjuːˌkʌmbə/noun · B1The long green cool vegetable that is mostly water.
- cuddle/ˈkʌd.l̩/verb · B1To hold somebody close and warmly.
- cuddly/ˈkʌdli/adjective · B1+Soft and pleasant to hold close.
- cudgel/ˈkʌd͡ʒəl/noun · C2A short thick stick used as a weapon.
- cue/kjuː/noun · B2A signal that it is your turn to act or speak.
- cuff/kʌf/noun · B2The band at the end of a sleeve, around the wrist.
- cufflink/ˈkʌflɪŋk/noun · B2+A small fastener holding a shirt cuff closed.
- cuisine/kwɪˈziːn/noun · B2+The whole cooking style of one country or region.
- cul-de-sac/ˈkʌldəsæk/noun · B2A short street closed at one end.
- culinary/ˈkʌlɪn(ə)ɹi/adjective · C1To do with cooking and the kitchen.
- cull/kʌl/verb · C2To reduce a group by killing or removing some.
- culminate/ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/verb · C1To build up and reach its highest or final point.
- culmination/ˌkʌl.mɪˈneɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+The highest point that a long process leads up to.
- culpable/ˈkʌlpəbəl/adjective · C1Deserving the blame.
- culprit/ˈkʌlpɹɪt/noun · B2+The person who did the wrong thing.
- cult/kʌlt/noun · C1A small religious group with intense devotion.
- cult classicnoun · C1A work loved deeply by a small devoted audience.
- cultivate/ˈkʌltɪveɪt/verb · C1To grow crops with care; also, to develop a skill or friendship.
- cultivation/ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/noun · B2+The growing of crops, or the developing of a quality.
- cultural/ˈkʌl.tʃ(ʊ.)ɹəl/adjective · B1+To do with the arts and customs of a people.
- culture/ˈkʌlt͡ʃə/noun · B1The art, food, beliefs, and habits that one people shares.
- cultured pearlnoun · C1A gem grown in a shellfish with human help.
- cumbersome/ˈkʌmbəsəm/adjective · C1So big and awkward it is hard to carry or use.
- cunning/ˈkʌnɪŋ/adjective · B2Clever in a sly, scheming way.
- cup/ˈkʌp/noun · A1A small container with a handle, used for drinking tea or coffee.
- cup your earphrase · C1To hold a hand behind the ear to hear better.
- cupboard/ˈkʌbəd/noun · A2+Furniture with doors and shelves, where you keep plates and dry food.
- cupcake/ˈkʌpkeɪk/noun · A2+A tiny cake for one person, with cream on top.
- cupidity/kjuːˈpɪdəti/noun · C2Greed for money and possessions.
- cur/kɜː/noun · C2A bad-tempered mongrel dog, or a contemptible man.
- curate/ˈkjʊəɹət/verb · C2To select and arrange works for an exhibition.
- curator/kjʊəˈɹeɪtə(ɹ)/noun · C2The person who chooses and arranges what a museum shows.
- curb/kɝb/noun · B1The stone edge where the walking path drops to the road.
- curd/kɜː(ɹ)d/noun · B2+The solid part left when milk sours.
- curdle/ˈkɜː.dəl/verb · C1To separate into lumps, as sour milk does.
- cure/kjɔː/verb · B2To preserve meat or fish with salt, smoke or time.
- cured/kjʊəd/adjective · B2Preserved with salt, smoke or time.
- curfew/ˈkɜː.fjuː/noun · B2The rule that everyone must be off the streets by a set hour.
- curio/ˈkjʊə̯ɹiˌəʊ̯/noun · C2A small unusual object kept for its oddity.
- curiosity/ˌkjʊə.ɹiˈɒs.ɪ.ti/noun · B2The itch to find out — it famously troubled the cat.
- curiosity killed the cat/kjʊə.ɹiˈɒs.ɪ.ti kɪld ðə ˈkæt/phrase · C1The warning that asking too much can get you in trouble.
- curious/ˈkjʊə.ɹi.əs/adjective · B1Wanting very much to know or find out about something.
- curl/kɜːl/noun · B2A lock of hair that turns in a spiral.
- curlew/ˈkɜːlju/noun · C1A large wader with a long down-curved bill and a sad call.
- curling/ˈkəɹlɪŋ/noun · B2A game of sliding heavy stones towards a target on ice.
- curling tongsnoun · C1A heated rod hair is wound around to curl it.
- curly/ˈkɜːli/adjective · A2+Growing in rings and waves — the opposite of straight hair.
- curmudgeon/kɜːˈmʌdʒ.ən/noun · C2A bad-tempered person who grumbles at everything.
- currency/ˈkʌɹ.ən.si/noun · B1+The kind of money one country uses — euros, dollars, or yen.
- current/ˈkʌɹənt/adjective · B1Happening or existing right now, at the present time.
- current/ˈkʌɹənt/noun · B2The flow of electric power through a wire; also, moving water in a river.
- current accountnoun · B2The everyday account you pay bills from.
- currently/ˈkʌɹ.ənt.li/adverb · B1At this present time.
- curriculum/kəˈɹɪk.jʊ.ləm/noun · B2+The official plan of everything a school must teach.
- curriculum vitae/kəˈɹɪkjələm ˈviːteɪ/noun · B2The document listing your education and jobs.
- curry/ˈkʌ.ɹi/<aa:<<RP>>; <<US,non-hurry-furry>>>noun · B1+The spicy sauce dish of India, eaten with rice.
- currycombnoun · C2A toothed comb for cleaning a horse's coat.
- curse/kɜːs/noun · A2+Words spoken to bring harm upon somebody.
- curse/kɜːs/verb · B2To swear, or to wish evil on somebody.
- cursor/ˈkɜːsə/noun · B1+The little arrow or blinking line that shows where you are on screen.
- cursory/ˈkɜː.sə.ɹi/adjective · C1Done quickly and without care.
- curt/kɝt/adjective · C1Using so few words that it sounds rude.
- curtail/kɜːˈteɪl/verb · C1To cut something short before its natural end.
- curtain/ˈkɜːtn̩/noun · B1The cloth you pull across a window at night.
- curtain callnoun · B2The return of the cast to receive applause.
- curtain upphrase · C1The moment a performance begins.
- curtsyverb · C1To bend the knees in respect, as women once did.
- curve/kɜːv/noun · B2A line that bends smoothly with no corners.
- curve/kɜːv/noun · B1A bend in the track.
- curved/kɜːvd/adjective · B2Bending smoothly like part of a circle.
- cushion/ˈkʊʃən/noun · B1A soft square thing on a sofa that makes sitting nicer.
- cusp/kʌsp/noun · C1The point at which one state turns into another.
- custard/ˈkʌs.təd/noun · B1+A thick yellow sauce of eggs, milk and sugar.
- custard pienoun · B2The soft missile thrown in a comic act.
- custody/ˈkʌstədiː/noun · B2Being held by the police; also, the legal care of a child.
- custom/ˈkʌstəm/noun · B1A way of doing things usual in a community.
- customary/ˈkʌs.tə.m(ə.)ɹi/adjective · C1Usual, according to long practice.
- customer/ˈkʌs.tə.mə/noun · A2+The person buying something in a shop.
- customs/ˈkʌs.təmz/noun · B1The airport control where officers may open your bags.
- customs formnoun · B2The declaration attached to a package going abroad.
- customs officernoun · B1The official who checks what you carry across a border.
- cut/kʌt/verb · A1To divide something using a sharp blade.
- cut backphrase · B2To reduce the amount of something.
- cut cornersphrase · C1To do a job cheaply and carelessly to save time or money.
- cut downphrase · B1To do or use less of something — sweets, spending, or smoking.
- cut it outphrase · B2What you snap at someone to make them stop annoying you.
- cut off/ˌkʌt ˈɔf/ [ˌkɐɾ ˈɔf]phrase · B2To separate or disconnect — a phone line, power, or a village by snow.
- cut your lossesphrase · B2To stop before a bad situation gets worse.
- cute/kjuːt/adjective · A2Sweet and charming to look at, like a kitten.
- cuticle/ˈkjuːtɪkəl/noun · B2+The skin at the base of a nail.
- cutlery/ˈkʌt.lə.ɹi/noun · A2+Knives, forks, and spoons — all the eating tools together.
- cutpurse/ˈkʌtˌpɜːs/noun · C2A thief who cuts money bags from belts.
- cutting/ˈkʌtɪŋ/noun · C1A channel dug through high ground for a railway.
- cutting board/ˈkʰʌɾɪŋ bɔɹd/phrase · B1The flat wooden board you chop vegetables on.
- cutting-edgeadjective · C1At the very front of what is currently possible.
- cuttlefish/ˈkʌtl̩fɪʃ/noun · B2+A soft sea creature that changes colour and squirts ink.
- cybercrimenoun · B2Crime committed through computers and networks.
- cyberspace/ˈsaɪ.bəˌspeɪs/noun · B2+The imagined space in which online communication happens.
- cycle/ˈsaɪ.kəl/verb · A2+To travel by pedalling a two-wheeled machine.
- cycle lanenoun · B1The marked strip of road reserved for bicycles.
- cycle pathnoun · B1A route set aside for riders away from traffic.
- cycling/ˈsaɪk(ə)lɪŋ/noun · A2+The sport of riding a two-wheeler fast and far.
- cyclist/ˈsaɪ.klɪst/noun · B2+Somebody who rides a pedal vehicle.
- cyclocross/ˈsaɪkləʊˌkɹɒs/noun · C1Racing over mixed ground, carrying the cycle at times.
- cyclone/ˈsaɪ.kloʊn/noun · B2+A huge spinning storm system, as hurricanes are in the Indian Ocean.
- cyclops/ˈsaɪˌklɑps/noun · B2+A giant with a single eye in the middle of its forehead.
- cylinder/ˈsɪlɪndə(ɹ)/noun · B1+A solid shape like a can — circles at top and bottom.
- cylindrical/sɪˈlɪndɹɪkəl/adjective · B2Shaped like a tin can or a pipe.
- cymbal/ˈsɪmbəl/noun · B2+A round metal plate that crashes when struck.
- cynic/ˈsɪnɪk/noun · C1Somebody who assumes people always act from self-interest.
- cynical/ˈsɪnɪkəl/adjective · C1Believing everyone acts only for themselves.
- cynicism/ˈsɪn.ɪˌsɪzəm/noun · C1The belief that people act only from selfish motives.
- cypress/ˈsaɪ.pɹəs/noun · B2+A dark narrow evergreen common in Mediterranean gardens.
- cyprusnoun · B1+The eastern Mediterranean island of beaches and ancient legends of love.
- czechianoun · B1The central European country of Prague and famous beer.
- d-locknoun · B2A rigid metal lock shaped like a letter.
- dab/dæb/verb · B2+To touch lightly and repeatedly with something soft.
- dabble/ˈdæb.əl/verb · C1To try something casually, without committing.
- daffodil/ˈdæfəˌdɪl/noun · A2+A yellow spring flower with a trumpet in the middle.
- daft/dɑːft/adjective · B2+Silly in a harmless way.
- dagger/ˈdæɡə/noun · B1+A short pointed knife used as a weapon.
- dahlia/ˈdeɪ.li.ə/noun · C1A tuber-grown garden plant bearing one large, many-petalled bloom on each tall stem in late summer, in every colour but blue.
- daily/ˈdeɪli/adjective · A2Happening every single day.
- dainty/ˈdeɪnti/adjective · B2Small, delicate and pretty.
- dairy/ˈdɛə.ɹi/noun · B2The place where milk is handled and made into butter and cheese.
- dairy-freeadjective · B1Made without milk or anything from it.
- dais/ˈdeɪ.ɪs/noun · C2A low platform for a throne or a high table.
- daisy/ˈdeɪ.zi/noun · B1A small white flower with a yellow middle, found in lawns.
- dale/deu/noun · C1A broad open valley.
- dalliance/ˈdælɪəns/noun · C2A brief light-hearted romance, or idle delay.
- dam/ˈdæm/noun · B1+A wall built across a river to hold the water back.
- damage/ˈdæmɪd͡ʒ/verb · A2To hurt something so it no longer works or looks right.
- damages/ˈdæmɪd͡ʒɪz/noun · B2Money paid to make up for harm done.
- damask/ˈdæm.əsk/noun · C2A rich patterned cloth woven in one colour.
- damnation/dæmˈneɪʃən/noun · C1Condemnation to eternal punishment.
- damp/ˈdæmp/adjective · B1Slightly wet, in an unpleasant way.
- damp/ˈdæmp/noun · B2Unwanted wetness in a wall or a room.
- damp coursenoun · C2The barrier that stops wet rising up a wall.
- dampen/ˈdæmpən/verb · C2To make slightly wet, or to reduce enthusiasm.
- damsel/ˈdæm.zəl/noun · C1A young noblewoman of old stories.
- dance/dɑːns/verb · A1To move your body in rhythm with music.
- dance floornoun · B1The area set aside for dancing.
- dancer/ˈdɑːnsə(ɹ)/noun · A2+A person who performs by moving their body to music.
- dandelion/ˈdæn.dəˌlaɪ.ən/noun · B2A yellow weed that turns into a clock of seeds.
- dandle/ˈdændəl/verb · C2To bounce a small child gently on your knee.
- dandruff/ˈdændɹʌf/noun · B1+Small flakes of dry skin shed from the scalp.
- danger/ˈdeɪn.d͡ʒə/noun · A2The nearness of something that could hurt you.
- dangerous/ˈdeɪn.ʒ(ə.)ɹəs/adjective · A1Able to hurt you — sharks, cliffs, and fast roads are this.
- dangle/ˈdæŋ.ɡəl/verb · B2To hold or hang something so it swings loose.
- dank/ˈdæŋk/adjective · C1Unpleasantly damp and cold.
- dappled[ˈdæpəɫd]adjective · C1Marked with soft spots of light and shade.
- dare/dɛə/verb · B1To be brave enough to try; also, to challenge someone to.
- daredevil/ˈdɛədɛvəl/noun · B2Somebody who takes wild physical risks for show.
- daresay/ˌdɛəˈseɪ/verb · C1To suppose that something is probably so.
- daring/ˈdɛə.ɹɪŋ/adjective · B2Bravely willing to take big risks.
- dark/dɑːk/adjective · A1With little or no light, like night.
- dark modenoun · B1A display setting that shows light text on a dark ground.
- darken/ˈdɑɹkən/verb · B1+To make something darker.
- darkness/ˈdɑːk.nəs/noun · B1The state of having no light at all.
- darkroomnoun · C1The red-lit room where film is developed.
- darn/dɑɹn/verb · B2To repair a hole in knitting by weaving thread across it.
- dart/dɑːt/verb · B2To move suddenly and quickly in one direction.
- darts/ˈdɑːts/noun · B1+The pub game of throwing small arrows at a round numbered board.
- dash/ˈdæʃ/noun · B2A very small amount of something poured in quickly.
- dashboard/ˈdæʃˌbɔːd/noun · B1+The panel of dials and controls in front of a driver.
- dashed linenoun · B2A line drawn as a row of short strokes.
- dashing/ˈdæʃɪŋ(ɡ)/adjective · B2Stylish, spirited and attractive.
- data/ˈdɑːtə/noun · B1Information stored in numbers that computers collect and study.
- data protectionnoun · B2The rules governing how personal information is handled.
- database/ˈdeɪtəˌbeɪs/noun · B2The organized store where a program keeps all its information.
- date/deɪt/noun · A1The exact day, month, and year — what you write at the top of a letter.
- dating/ˈdeɪt.ɪŋ/noun · B1Working out how old something is.
- daughter/ˈdɔːtə/noun · A1A girl child of her parents.
- daughter-in-law/ˈdɔːtə(ɹ)ɪnˌlɔː/noun · B2The wife of your son.
- daunt/dɔːnt/verb · C1To make somebody lose their nerve.
- daunting/ˈdɔːntɪŋ/adjective · C1Frightening because it looks so difficult.
- dawdle/ˈdɔːdl̩/verb · B2+To move so slowly that time is wasted.
- dawn/dɔːn/noun · A2The moment the sky first lightens before the sun appears.
- dawn chorus/dɔːn ˈkɔːɹəs/noun · C1All the birds singing together as the sun comes up.
- dawn onphrase · C1For a realisation to arrive slowly.
- dawn startnoun · B2Setting off at first light to make the most of the day.
- day/deɪ̯/noun · A1The bright hours between one night and the next.
- day in day outphrase · B2Every single day, without change.
- day-to-dayadjective · B2Happening as part of ordinary daily life.
- daybreak/ˈdeɪbɹeɪk/noun · B2The first light of the morning.
- daydream/ˈdeɪdɹiːm/noun · B2A pleasant drift of thoughts while wide awake.
- daylight/ˈdeɪlaɪt/noun · A2The natural light of the day.
- daypacknoun · B2A small bag for one day's walking.
- daytime/ˈdeɪtaɪm/noun · B2The hours between sunrise and sunset.
- dazed/deɪzd/adjective · B2+Stunned and unable to think clearly.
- dazzle/ˈdæzəl/verb · B1+To blind with brightness or amaze with brilliance.
- deacon/ˈdiːkən/noun · C1An assistant to a priest in some churches.
- deactivate/ˌdiːˈæktɪveɪt/verb · B1+To switch a device, alarm or account out of operation, usually in a way that can be reversed later.
- dead/dɛd/adjective · A1No longer living.
- dead dropnoun · C2A hiding place where two people leave things for each other.
- dead endnoun · B1A road with no way out at the far end.
- deadbeat/ˈdɛdbiːt/noun · C1Somebody who never pays what they owe.
- deaden/ˈdɛdən/verb · C2To take the life out of a sound or a feeling so that it is barely heard or felt.
- deadline/ˈdɛdˌlaɪn/noun · B2The date or hour when your task must be finished — no later.
- deadline pressurenoun · B2The strain of having to finish before a fixed hour.
- deaf/dɛf/adjective · B1Unable to hear.
- deafen/ˈdɛfən/verb · B2+To make somebody unable to hear, at least for a while.
- deafening/ˈdɛfənɪŋ(ɡ)/adjective · B2+So loud that you can hear nothing else.
- deal/ˈdiːl/verb · B2To hand cards out to each player.
- deal withphrase · B1To take care of a problem or person that must be dealt with.
- dealer/ˈdiːlə(ɹ)/noun · B2Somebody who buys and sells, or who deals cards.
- dealership/ˈdiːləʃɪp/noun · B2+A business licensed to sell one make of vehicle.
- dean/diːn/noun · B2The head of a university faculty or college.
- dearie/ˈdɪəɹi/noun · C1A homely word of address, often used by an older woman to a stranger and sounding faintly patronising.
- dearth/dɜːθ/noun · C1A serious shortage of something needed.
- death/dɛθ/noun · A1The end of a life.
- deathbed/ˈdɛθˌbɛd/noun · B2+The bed a person dies in.
- debase/dɪˈbeɪs/verb · C1To lower the quality or the worth of something.
- debatable[dɪˈbeɪtəbəɫ]adjective · B2+Open to argument either way.
- debate/dɪˈbeɪt/noun · B2A formal argument where two sides take turns to speak.
- debate/dɪˈbeɪt/verb · B1+To discuss a question formally from both sides.
- debauchery/dɪˈbɔː.t͡ʃə.ɹi/noun · C1Excessive indulgence in drink and pleasure.
- debilitate/dɪˈbɪlɪteɪt/verb · C1To weaken somebody badly.
- debit/ˈdɛb.ɪt/noun · B2+A sum taken out of a bank account.
- debit card/ˈdɛbɪt ˌkɑɹd/noun · B2A card that takes money straight from your account.
- debonair/ˌdɛbəˈneə(ɹ)/adjective · C2Confident, stylish and charming.
- debrief/diːˈbɹiːf/noun · B2+A meeting after an event to review how it went.
- debris/ˈdɛbɹi/noun · C1Scattered broken pieces left after destruction.
- debt/ˈdɛt/noun · B2Money you have borrowed and still must pay back.
- debtor/ˈdɛt.ə/noun · C1A person or firm that owes money.
- debug/diːˈbʌɡ/verb · B2+To find and remove the faults in a program.
- debunk/diːˈbʌŋk/verb · C1To show publicly that a claim is nonsense.
- debut/ˈdɛbjuː/noun · C1An artist's very first public appearance.
- decade/ˈdɛkeɪd/noun · B1+Ten years.
- decadence/ˈdɛkədəns/noun · C1Luxury and moral slackness taken together.
- decadent/ˈdɛkədənt/adjective · C1Luxuriously rich to the point of excess.
- decaf/ˈdiːkæf/noun · B1+Coffee with the stimulant taken out.
- decant/dəˈkænt/verb · C1To pour liquid gently from one vessel to another.
- decanter/dɪˈkæntə(ɹ)/noun · C1A glass bottle wine is poured into to breathe.
- decathlon/diːˈkæθlɒn/noun · B2+A contest of ten separate athletic events.
- decay/dɪˈkeɪ/verb · B2To rot slowly, or to fall into a worse state.
- decease/dɪˈsiːs/noun · C2A person's death, in legal use.
- deceitful/dɪˈsiːtfʊl/adjective · B2+In the habit of lying to get what you want.
- deceive/dɪˈsiːv/verb · B2To make someone believe what is not true.
- decembernoun · A1The last month of the year, with its big winter holidays.
- decency/ˈdiːsənsi/noun · C1Basic honest, polite behaviour toward other people.
- decent/ˈdiː.sənt/adjective · B2Good enough to be acceptable; also, honest and fair.
- deception/dɪˈsɛpʃən/noun · B2Making someone believe what is not true.
- deceptive/dɪˈsɛp.tɪv/adjective · B2+Giving an impression that is not the truth.
- decide/dɪˈsaɪd/verb · A1To finally choose what you will do after thinking about it.
- decimal/ˈdɛs.ɪ.məl/noun · B1+A number written with a point and digits after it.
- decimate/ˈdɛsɪmeɪt/verb · C1To destroy a large part of something.
- decipher/dɪˈsaɪfə(ɹ)/verb · C1To work out the meaning of a code or terrible handwriting.
- decision/dɪˈsɪʒn̩/noun · A2A settled judgement about what to do.
- decision-makingnoun · C1The weighing of options that a person or a body goes through before choosing.
- decisive/dɪˈsaɪsɪv/adjective · C1Able to decide quickly and firmly.
- decisiveness/dɪˈsaɪsɪvnəs/noun · B2+The ability to make up your mind quickly and firmly.
- deck/ˈdɛk/noun · B1The flat floor you walk on aboard a ship.
- deck of cardsnoun · B1The full set of fifty-two playing cards.
- deckhand/ˈdɛkˌhænd/noun · C1A junior sailor who does the general work.
- declaration/ˌdɛk.ləˈɹeɪ.ʃən/noun · C1A formal public statement.
- declare/dɪˈklɛə/verb · B2To state something openly and officially.
- declassify/diːˈklæsɪfaɪ/verb · C1To release something from official secrecy.
- decline/dɪˈklaɪn/verb · B2To politely say no to an offer.
- declutter/diːˈklʌtə(ɹ)/verb · C1To get rid of everything you do not need.
- decomposition/diːˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/noun · B2+The rotting that returns dead matter to the soil.
- decomposition/diːˌkɒmpəˈzɪʃən/noun · B2+A compound breaking down into simpler parts.
- decor/ˈdeɪkɔː/noun · B2+The style in which a room is furnished and arranged.
- decorate/ˈdɛkəɹeɪt/verb · B1To make a room or a cake more beautiful with added touches.
- decorations/ˌdɛkəˈɹeɪʃənz/noun · A2+The things put up to make a place look festive.
- decorative/ˈdɛk.ə.ɹə.tɪv/adjective · B2+Made to look attractive rather than to be useful.
- decorator/ˈdɛkəˌɹeɪtə(ɹ)/noun · B2Somebody who paints and papers rooms.
- decorous/ˈdɛkəɹəs/adjective · C2Correct and dignified in behaviour.
- decorum/dɪˈkɔːɹəm/noun · C1Behaviour that fits what the occasion demands.
- decoy/ˈdiːkɔɪ/noun · B2Something set up to draw attention the wrong way.
- decrease/dɪˈkɹiːs/verb · B2To become smaller in number or amount.
- decree/dɪˈkɹiː/noun · B2+An official order with the force of law.
- decrepit/dɪˈkɹɛp.ɪt/adjective · C1Worn out and falling apart with age.
- decry/dɪˈkɹaɪ/verb · C2To condemn something openly.
- decrypt/dɪˈkɹɪpt/verb · B2+To turn scrambled data back into something readable.
- dedicate/ˈdɛdɪˌkeɪt/verb · B1+To give your time and heart fully to one purpose or person.
- dedication/ˌdɛdɪˈkeɪʃən/noun · C1Giving your whole heart and time to one pursuit.
- deduce/dɪˈdʒuːs/verb · B2+To reason your way from clues to the answer, like a detective.
- deduct/dɪˈdʌkt/verb · B2+To take an amount away from a total.
- deduction/dɪˈdʌkʃən/noun · B2+Reasoning from a general rule down to a particular case.
- deductive/dɪˈdʌktɪv/adjective · C2Reasoning downward from general rules to the particular case.
- deed/diːd/noun · C1The legal paper proving who owns a property.
- deem/diːm/verb · C1To formally judge or consider something to be so.
- deep/diːp/adjective · A2Going far down from the top, like the ocean floor.
- deep cleannoun · B2A thorough clean that reaches what is usually missed.
- deep endnoun · B1The part of the pool where you cannot touch the bottom.
- deepen/ˈdiːpən/verb · B2+To make or become deeper.
- deer/dɪə/noun · A2A gentle forest animal; the male grows big branching horns.
- deface/dɪˈfeɪs/verb · B2+To spoil the surface or appearance of something.
- default/dɪˈfɒlt/verb · C1To fail to make the repayments you agreed to.
- defeat/dɪˈfiːt/noun · B1The bitter result of losing a game or a battle.
- defect/ˈdiːfɛkt/noun · B2A flaw present from the moment it was made.
- defect/ˈdiːfɛkt/verb · C1To abandon your country and go over to another.
- defective/dɪˈfɛktɪv/adjective · B2Made wrong, and not working as it should.
- defector/dɪˈfɛktə(ɹ)/noun · C1Somebody who abandons their country or side.
- defence/dɪˈfɛns/noun · B2Protection against attack, or the case argued for the accused.
- defenceless/dɪˈfɛnsləs/adjective · B2+Having no way to protect yourself.
- defend/dɪˈfɛnd/verb · B1To protect someone or something from attack.
- defendant/dɪˈfɛnd.ənt/noun · B2The person on trial, defending themselves against the charge.
- defender/dɪˈfɛndə(ɹ)/noun · B2Somebody who protects, or a player who does.
- defensive/dɪˈfɛn.sɪv/adjective · B2Meant to protect, or quick to take criticism badly.
- defer/dɪˈfɜː/verb · B2+To put off until later, or to yield to another.
- deference/ˈdɛfəɹəns/noun · C1Polite yielding to somebody's rank or judgement.
- deferential[ˌdɛfəˈɹɛnʃəɫ]adjective · C1Showing respect for somebody's rank or judgement.
- defiance/dɪˈfaɪ(j)əns/noun · C1Open refusal to obey.
- defiant/dɪˈfaɪ(j)ənt/adjective · B2+Openly refusing to obey.
- defibrillator/diːˈfɪbɹɪˌleɪtə(ɹ)/noun · C1A device that shocks a stopped heart back into rhythm.
- deficiency/dɪˈfɪʃənsi/noun · C1A shortage of something needed, or a weakness.
- deficient/dɪˈfɪʃənt/adjective · C2Lacking something that is needed.
- deficit/ˈdɛfɪsɪt/noun · C1The amount by which something falls short.
- defile/dɪˈfaɪl/verb · C1To make something sacred or clean unfit.
- define/dɪˈfaɪn/verb · B1+To say exactly what a word or an idea means.
- definite/ˈdɛfɪnɪt/adjective · B1Settled and not open to doubt.
- definite articlenoun · B1The little word "the".
- definition/ˌdɛf.ɪˈnɪʃ.ən/noun · B1+A statement of exactly what a word means.
- definitive/dɪˈfɪn.ɪ.tɪv/adjective · B2Settling the matter for good.
- deflate/diːˈfleɪt/verb · B2+To let the air out, or to take somebody's confidence away.
- deflation/dɪˈfleɪʃən/noun · C1A general fall in prices across an economy.
- deflect/dɪˈflɛkt/verb · B2+To turn a blow aside.
- deflower/diˈflaʊ.ɚ/verb · C2To take a woman's virginity, in old use.
- deforestation/dɪˌfɒɹɪsˈteɪʃən/noun · B2+The cutting down of whole forests until bare land remains.
- deform/dɪˈfɔːm/verb · B2+To spoil the natural shape of something.
- deformity/dɪˈfɔːmɪti/noun · B2+A part of the body twisted out of its proper shape.
- defray/dɪˈfɹeɪ/verb · C2To pay part or all of a cost.
- deft/dɛft/adjective · C1Neat and skilful in movement.
- defunct/dɪˈfʌŋkt/adjective · C1No longer existing or working.
- defuse/diːˈfjuːz/verb · B2+To make a bomb safe, or to calm a tense situation.
- defy/dɪˈfaɪ/verb · C1To openly refuse to obey a power greater than you.
- degradation/ˌdɛɡɹəˈdeɪʃən/noun · C1A wearing down in quality, or a loss of dignity.
- degrade/dɪˈɡɹeɪd/verb · C1To lower in quality, or to treat with contempt.
- degrading/dɪˈɡɹeɪdɪŋ(ɡ)/adjective · C1Robbing somebody of their self-respect.
- degreaseverb · C1To remove thick fat from a surface.
- degree/dɪˈɡɹiː/noun · B1The qualification you earn after years of university study.
- degree/dɪˈɡɹiː/noun · B1One unit of temperature — water boils at one hundred of them.
- degree/dɪˈɡɹiː/noun · B1How much of a quality is present.
- dehydrated/diːhaɪdˈɹeɪtɪd/adjective · B2+Short of water.
- deign/deɪn/verb · C2To do something you consider beneath you.
- deity/ˈdiː.ɪ.ti/noun · C1A god or goddess.
- deja vunoun · B2The odd feeling that this has all happened before.
- deject/dɪˈdʒɛkt/verb · C2To lower somebody's spirits.
- dejected/dɪˈdʒɛktəd/adjective · C1Cast down after a disappointment.
- delay/dɪˈleɪ/noun · B1The extra waiting when a flight or train is late.
- delayed/dəˈleɪd/adjective · A2+Running later than the scheduled time.
- delectable/dɪˈlɛktəbəl/adjective · C1Absolutely delicious.
- delegate/ˈdɛlɪɡət/verb · C1To hand a task down to someone else with the authority to do it.
- delegation/dɛlɪˈɡeɪʃən/noun · C1A group sent to represent others, or the handing over of work.
- delete/dɪˈliːt/verb · B2To remove something written or stored.
- deleterious/ˌdɛl.ɪˈtɪə̯.ɹi.əs/adjective · C2Doing harm, often quietly and over time.
- deli/ˈdɛli/noun · B1+A shop selling fine cheeses, cold meats and ready food.
- deliberate/dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət/adjective · B2Done fully on purpose, not by accident.
- deliberately/dɪˈlɪb.(ə.)ɹət.li/adverb · B2Fully on purpose, after thinking it through.
- deliberation/dɪˌlɪbəˈɹeɪʃən/noun · B2+Long careful thought, or slow unhurried movement.
- delicacy/ˈdɛlɪkəsi/noun · B2+A rare fine food, or great tact and care.
- delicate/ˈdɛl.ɪ.kət/adjective · B2Fine and easily damaged; needing gentle hands.
- delicate/ˈdɛl.ɪ.kət/adjective · B2Faint and subtle, easily lost.
- delicatessen/ˌdɛlɪkəˈtɛsən/noun · C2A shop selling fine cheeses, cold meats and prepared foods.
- delicious/dɪˈlɪ.ʃəs/adjective · A1Tasting absolutely wonderful.
- delighted/dɪˈlaɪtɪd/adjective · B2Very, very pleased.
- delineate/dɪˈlɪniːeɪt/verb · C2To describe or mark out the shape of something exactly.
- delineation/diːlɪniˈeɪʃən/noun · C2A precise mapping out of something.
- delinquent/dɪˈlɪŋkwənt/noun · B2+A young person who keeps breaking the law.
- delirious/dɪˈlɪə̯.ɹi.əs/adjective · C1Wildly confused from fever, or wildly excited.
- delirium/dɪˈlɪ.ɹi.əm/noun · C1A wild confused state caused by fever or drink.
- deliver/dɪˈlɪv.ə(ɹ)/verb · A2To bring goods or letters to the door they belong at.
- deliverable/dɪˈlɪvɹəbəɫ/noun · C1A specific thing a project has promised to produce.
- deliverance/dɪˈlɪvɹəns/noun · C1Being rescued from danger or evil.
- delivery/dɪˈlɪv.(ə.)ɹi/noun · A2The bringing of what you ordered right to your door.
- delivery attemptnoun · B2A visit made to hand something over.
- delivery slotnoun · B2The period during which your order will arrive.
- dell/dɛl/noun · C2A small wooded hollow in the ground.
- delta/ˈdɛltə/noun · B2The fan of land and channels where a river meets the sea.
- deluge/ˈdɛl.juː(d)ʒ/noun · C1A great flood, or an overwhelming rush of things.
- delusion/dɪˈl(j)uːʒ(ə)n/noun · B2A false belief held firmly against the evidence.
- demagogue/ˈdɛməɡɑɡ/noun · C1A leader who stirs crowds by playing on their fears.
- demand/dɪˈmɑːnd/verb · B1To ask for something forcefully, like an order.
- demarcation/ˌdɛm.ɑːˈkeɪ.ʃən/noun · C2The marking of a boundary between things.
- demean/dɪˈmiːn/verb · C1To lower somebody's dignity.
- demeanournoun · C1The way a person carries and presents themselves.
- demented/dɪˈmɛntɪd/adjective · C1Out of one's wits with rage or grief, or robbed of memory and reason by an ageing brain.
- demise/dɪˈmaɪz/noun · C1The end or death of a person or an institution.
- demo/ˈdɛm.əʊ/noun · C1A rough recording made to show what a song could be.
- demobiliseverb · C2To release troops from service after a war.
- democracy/dɪˈmɒk.ɹə.si/noun · B2The system where the people choose their own leaders by voting.
- democratic/ˌdɛməˈkɹætɪk/adjective · B2Run by the people through the votes they cast.
- demographic/ˌdɛm.əˈɡɹæf.ɪk/noun · C1A group defined by age, income or another shared trait.
- demographics/ˌdɛməˈɡɹæfɪks/noun · B2+The make-up of a population by age, income and so on.
- demography/dɪˈmɒɡɹəfi/noun · C1The study of populations and how they change.
- demolish/dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃ/verb · B2+To knock a building down completely.
- demolition/ˌdɛm.əˈlɪʃ.ən/noun · B2The planned destruction of an old building.
- demon/ˈdiː.mən/noun · B1An evil spirit.
- demonic/dɪˈmɒnɪk/adjective · B2Belonging to or resembling a devil.
- demonstrate/ˈdɛm.ənˌstɹeɪt/verb · B2To show clearly how something works or that it is true.
- demonstration/dɛmənˈstɹeɪʃən/noun · B2A public march or gathering to make a point.
- demoralisedadjective · C1Stripped of confidence and spirit.
- demotionnoun · B2+Being moved down to a less important position.
- demur/dɪˈmɜː/verb · C2To raise an objection, mildly and politely.
- demure/dɪˈmjʊə(ɹ)/adjective · C1Quiet, modest and reserved.
- demurragenoun · C2A charge for keeping a container or ship too long.
- demystify/diːˈmɪstɪfaɪ/verb · C2To strip the mystery from a subject and make it plain.
- den/ˈdɛn/noun · B1The hidden home of a bear, fox, or lion.
- denial/dɪˈnaɪ.əl/noun · C1A statement that something is not true.
- denigrate/ˈdɛn.ɪ.ɡɹeɪ̯t/verb · C1To run somebody's reputation down unfairly.
- denim/ˈdɛnɪm/noun · B2The tough blue cotton fabric jeans are made of.
- denizen/ˈdɛn.ɪ.zən/noun · C2An inhabitant of a particular place.
- denmarknoun · A2+The small Nordic country of Copenhagen and colorful toy bricks.
- denotation/ˌdiː.noʊˈteɪ.ʃən/noun · C2The plain literal meaning of a word.
- denote/dɪˈnəʊt/verb · C2To be the sign or name for something.
- denouementnoun · C2The final part where everything is explained.
- denounce/diˈnaʊns/verb · C1To publicly declare something to be wrong or evil.
- dense/ˈdɛns/adjective · C1Packed tightly together — forests, fog, or textbook pages.
- density/ˈdɛn.sɪ.ti/noun · C1How much matter is packed into a given space.
- dent/dɛnt/noun · B2A hollow left in a hard surface where something struck it.
- dent/dɛnt/verb · B2To press a hollow into a hard surface.
- dental/ˈdɛn.təl/adjective · B2Having to do with the teeth.
- dentist/ˈdɛntɪst/noun · A2+The person who looks after your teeth.
- denunciation/dɪˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃən/noun · C2A public condemnation of somebody or something.
- deny/dɪˈnaɪ/verb · B2To say firmly that something is not true.
- deodorant/diˈəʊ.də.ɹənt/noun · A2+What you put under your arms to stop sweat smelling.
- deodoriseverb · C1To take a bad smell away.
- depart/dɪˈpɑːt/verb · B2To go away from a place.
- department/dɪˈpɑːtm(ə)nt/noun · A2+One division of an organisation with its own work.
- department storenoun · A2A big shop selling many kinds of goods on several floors.
- departmental/dɪpɑːtˈmɛntəl/adjective · B2+Belonging to one department.
- departure/dɪˈpɑː(ɹ)tjə(ɹ)/noun · B1+The moment of leaving; airports list these times on big boards.
- departure boardnoun · B1The screen listing flights and their times.
- depend/dɪˈpɛnd/verb · A2+To need someone or something in order to manage.
- dependant/dɪˈpɛndənt/noun · C1Somebody who relies on another for support.
- dependence/dɪˈpɛndəns/noun · C1The state of needing something or somebody.
- dependency/dɪˈpɛndənsi/noun · C1Another piece of code your program needs to run.
- depict/dɪˈpɪkt/verb · C1To show or describe something in a picture or words.
- depiction/dɪˈpɪkʃən/noun · C1A showing of something in a picture or in words.
- depilatory/dəˈpɪləˌtɔɹi/noun · C2A cream that dissolves hair at the surface.
- deplete/dɪˈpliːt/verb · B2+To use up a supply until little is left.
- depletion/dɪˈpliːʃən/noun · C1The using up of a supply until little is left.
- deplorable/dɪˈplɔːɹəbl̩/adjective · C1So bad that it deserves open condemnation.
- deplore/dɪˈploɹ/verb · C1To feel and express strong disapproval.
- deploy/dɪˈplɔɪ/verb · C1To put new code where real users will meet it.
- deployment/dɪˈplɔɪmənt/noun · C1Sending people or equipment where they are needed.
- deportation/diːˌpɔːˈteɪʃən/noun · B2+Forcing a foreign national to leave the country.
- depose/dɪˈpəʊz/verb · C1To remove a ruler from power.
- deposit/dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/noun · B1The money you pay up front and get back if you leave the flat undamaged.
- deposit/dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/verb · B2To put money into an account.
- deposit/dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/noun · B2A mass of useful material gathered in one place.
- deposition/ˌdɛp.əˈzɪʃ.ən/noun · C1Sworn evidence taken down, or the removal of a ruler.
- depot/ˈdɛpəʊ/noun · B2The yard where vehicles are kept and serviced.
- deprave/dɪˈpɹeɪv/verb · C1To corrupt somebody morally.
- depravity/dəˈpɹævɪti/noun · C2Deep moral corruption.
- deprecate/ˈdɛpɹɪkeɪt/verb · C2To express disapproval of something.
- depredation/ˌdɛpɹəˈdeɪʃən/noun · C2Damage done by plundering or by nature.
- depressed/dɪˈpɹɛst/adjective · B2Feeling very low in spirits for a long stretch.
- depressing/dɪˈpɹɛsɪŋ(ɡ)/adjective · B2Making people feel low in spirits.
- depression/dɪˈpɹɛʃən/noun · B2A lasting heaviness that drains meaning from things.
- depressive/dɪˈpɹɛsɪv/adjective · C2To do with long-lasting lowness of spirits.
- deprivation/ˌdɛp.ɹɪˈveɪʃən/noun · C1The lack of what is needed for a decent life.
- deprive/dɪˈpɹaɪv/verb · C1To take away from someone what they need.
- depth/dɛpθ/noun · B2How deep something goes from the surface down.
- depth of fieldnoun · C1How much of the scene in front and behind is sharp.
- deputy/ˈdɛpjəti/noun · B1The person who acts in place of the one in charge.
- derailleur/dɪˈɹeɪl(j)ə/noun · C1The mechanism that shifts the chain between gears.
- derailmentnoun · C1A train coming off the rails.
- derange/dɪˈɹeɪnd͡ʒ/verb · C2To drive somebody out of their right mind.
- deregulationnoun · C1The removal of rules that controlled an industry.
- derelict/ˈdɛr.ə.lɪkt/adjective · C2Abandoned and falling down.
- deride/dɪˈɹaɪd/verb · C1To laugh at somebody with contempt.
- derision/dɪˈɹɪʒən/noun · C2Contemptuous mockery.
- derisive/dɪˈɹaɪ.sɪv/adjective · C2Showing open scorn.
- derivative/dɪˈɹɪvətɪv/adjective · C1Copying too closely from what came before.
- derive/dɪˈɹaɪv/verb · B2+To draw or obtain something from a source — pleasure, words, or formulas.
- dermatologist/ˌdɜːməˈtɒlədʒɪst/noun · B2+A doctor who specialises in skin.
- derogatory/dɪˈɹɒɡətɹi/adjective · C1Meant to belittle somebody.
- descaleverb · C2To remove the hard chalky deposit left by water.
- descend/dɪˈsɛnd/verb · B2To move downward.
- descend onphrase · C1To arrive somewhere suddenly and in numbers.
- descendant/dɪˈsɛndənt/noun · B2+A person who comes after you in your family line — children, grandchildren, and so on.
- descent/dɪˈsɛnt/noun · C1The way down.
- describe/dɪˈskɹaɪb/verb · A2+To paint a picture of something using only words.
- description/dɪˈskɹɪpʃən/noun · A2+An account in words of what somebody or something is like.
- descriptive/dəˈskɹɪptɪv/adjective · B2Setting out in words what something is like.
- descry/dɪˈskɹaɪ/verb · C2To catch sight of something far off.
- desecrate/ˈdɛs.ɪ.kɹeɪ̯t/verb · C1To treat a sacred place with violent disrespect.
- desecration/dɛ.sɪˈkɹeɪ.ʃən/noun · C1The violent disrespecting of something sacred.
- desert/ˈdɛz.ət/noun · A2A huge dry area of sand and stone where almost no rain falls.
- deserter/dɪˈzɜːtə(ɹ)/noun · B2+A soldier who runs away from duty.
- desertion/dɪˈzɜːʃən/noun · C1The abandoning of a post, a duty or a person.
- deserve/dɪˈzɜːv/verb · A2To have earned something — good or bad — by your actions.
- desiccated/ˈdɛsɪkeɪtəd/adjective · C1Completely dried out.
- design/dɪˈzaɪn/verb · B1To plan how something new will look and work.
- design technologynoun · B2Lessons in designing and making practical objects.
- designate/ˈdɛz.ɪɡ.nət/verb · C1To officially mark out for a particular role or use.
- designation/dɛzɪɡˈneɪʃən/noun · B2+An official name or title given to something.
- designer/dɪˈzaɪnɚ/noun · A2+A person who decides how products, clothes, or websites should look.
- desirable/dɪˈzaɪəɹəbəl/adjective · C1Worth wanting or having.
- desire/dɪˈzaɪə/noun · B1A strong wish for something.
- desist/dɪˈsɪst/verb · C1To stop doing something.
- desk/dɛsk/noun · A1The table where you write, study, and keep your computer.
- desktop/ˈdɛsktɒp/noun · C1A computer meant to sit on a table, or the screen you start from.
- desolate/ˈdɛs.ə.lət/adjective · C1Empty, abandoned, and bleak.
- desolation/ˌdɛsəˈleɪʃən/noun · C1Bleak emptiness, or utter misery.
- despair/dɪˈspɛə(ɹ)/noun · B1+The dark state of having lost all hope.
- despairing/dɪˈspɛə.ɹɪŋ/adjective · C1Showing that you have given up all hope.
- desperate/ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹɪt/adjective · B1Ready to try anything because all hope is nearly gone.
- desperately/ˈdɛs.p(ə.)ɹət.li/adverb · B2With the wild urgency of someone running out of hope.
- desperation/ˌdɛspəˈɹeɪʃən/noun · B2A reckless state brought on by having no hope left.
- despicable/dɪˈspɪkəbəl/adjective · B2+Deserving nothing but contempt.
- despite/dɪˈspaɪt/preposition · B1Regardless of something that might have stopped it.
- despoil/dɪˈspɔɪl/verb · C2To strip a place of its goods by force.
- despondency/dɪˈspɒndənsi/noun · C2Low spirits from a loss of hope.
- despondent/dɪˈspɒndənt/adjective · C1Having lost all hope of things improving.
- dessert/dɪˈzɜːt/noun · A2The sweet course that comes at the end of a meal.
- destination/dɛstɪˈneɪʃən/noun · B1The place you are trying to get to.
- destined/ˈdɛstɪnd/adjective · C1Certain to end up a particular way, as though it had already been decided.
- destiny/ˈdɛs.tɪ.ni/noun · B2The future believed to be already written for you.
- destitute/ˈdɛstɪtʃuːt/adjective · C1Without money, home or any means at all.
- destroy/dɪˈstɹɔɪ/verb · A2To damage something so completely that nothing is left.
- destruction/dɪsˈtɹʌkʃən/noun · B2The ruining of something so completely that it is gone.
- destructive/dɪˈstɹʌktɪv/adjective · C1Causing great damage.
- desultory/ˈdɛs.əl.t(ə).ɹi/adjective · C2Done without plan or steady interest.
- detach/dɪˈtæt͡ʃ/verb · B2+To unfasten one part from another.
- detached/dɪˈtæt͡ʃt/adjective · B2Standing on its own, or showing no emotional involvement.
- detachment/dɪˈtæt͡ʃmənt/noun · B2+Being present without feeling connected.
- detail/ˈdiː.teɪl/noun · B1One small piece of the whole picture.
- detain/dɪˈteɪn/verb · C1To hold somebody back, or to keep them in custody.
- detainee/ˌdɪteɪˈniː/noun · B2+Somebody being held in custody.
- detangleverb · C1To work knots out of hair.
- detect/dɪˈtɛkt/verb · B2To pick up the faint presence of something hidden.
- detection/dɪˈtɛk.ʃən/noun · C1The finding out of something hidden.
- detective/dɪˈtɛktɪv/noun · A2The investigator who follows clues to solve crimes.
- detector/dɪˈtɛktə(ɹ)/noun · B1+A device that senses something is present.
- detention/dɪˈtɛnʃn̩/noun · C1The punishment of staying at school after everyone goes home.
- deter/dɪˈtɜː/verb · B2+To make someone decide not to do something, out of doubt or fear.
- detergent/dɪˈtɜːd͡ʒənt/noun · B1+The powder or liquid that washes clothes and dishes clean.
- deteriorate/dɪˈtɪə.ɹɪə.ɹeɪt/verb · C1To grow steadily worse over time.
- deterioration/dɪˌtɪəɹɪəˈɹeɪʃən/noun · B2+A steady worsening in condition.
- determine/dɪˈtɜː(ɹ).mɪn/verb · B1To work out or decide something for certain.
- determine/dɪˈtɜː(ɹ).mɪn/verb · B2To settle or work out something for certain.
- determinism/dɪˈtɜːmɪnɪzəm/noun · C2The view that everything is fixed by what came before.
- deterrent/dɪˈtɛɹənt/noun · C2Something kept in order to stop an enemy attacking.
- detest/dɪˈtɛst/verb · C1To dislike somebody or something intensely.
- detestable/dɪˈtɛstəbl̩/adjective · C1Deserving to be hated.
- detonate/ˈdɛtəneɪt/verb · B2To set off an explosion deliberately.
- detonation/dɛtəˈneɪʃən/noun · C1The setting off of an explosion.
- detonator/ˈdɛt.ə.neɪ.tə(ɹ)/noun · B2The device that sets off an explosive.
- detour/ˈdiː.tɔː(ɹ)/noun · B1+The longer way around you must take when the direct road is closed.
- detract/dɪˈtɹækt/verb · C2To take away from the worth or effect of something.
- detriment/ˈdɛtɹɪmənt/noun · C1Harm done to something valued.
- detrimental/ˌdɛtɹɪˈmɛntəl/adjective · C1Causing damage or loss.
- detritus/dɪˈtɹaɪ.təs/noun · C1Loose debris left behind after something breaks up.
- deuce/djuːs/noun · C1A playing card or a die showing two.
- devastated/ˈdɛv.əˌsteɪ.təd/adjective · B2Completely crushed by terrible news.
- devastatingadjective · B1+Causing terrible, sweeping destruction or grief.
- devastation/ˌdɛ.vəˈsteɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+The ruin left across a wide area after a storm or a war has swept through it.
- develop/dɪˈvɛl.əp/verb · A2+To grow step by step into something bigger or better.
- developing storynoun · B2An event still unfolding as it is reported.
- development/dɪˈvɛl.əp.mənt/noun · B1Growth and change toward a fuller form.
- deviant/ˈdiː.vi.ənt/adjective · C2Departing sharply from what is accepted as normal.
- deviation/ˌdiː.viˈeɪʃən/noun · B2+The distance a value sits from the expected one.
- device/dɪˈvaɪs/noun · A2+Any electronic machine made for a purpose — phones, tablets, cameras.
- devil/ˈdɛvəl/noun · A2The chief evil spirit, or a wicked person.
- devil's advocatephrase · C1Someone who argues the opposite side just to test the idea.
- devilish/ˈdɛvəlɪʃ/adjective · C1Mischievously wicked in a sly, teasing way, as of a grin or a trick that is plainly up to no good.
- devious/ˈdiː.vi.əs/adjective · B2Getting what you want by underhand means.
- devise/dɪˈvaɪz/verb · C1To invent a clever plan or method.
- devoid/dɪˈvɔɪd/adjective · C1Entirely without a particular quality.
- devolution/diːvəˈluːʃən/noun · C1Handing powers from a central government to a regional one.
- devolve/dɪˈvɒɫv/verb · C1To pass power or duty down to a lower level.
- devote/dɪˈvəʊt/verb · B2To give all your time and energy to one thing.
- devotee/ˌdɛv.əˈtiː/noun · C1A keen and loyal follower of somebody or something.
- devotion/dɪˈvəʊʃən/noun · B1+Deep loyal love that gives without counting.
- devour/dɪˈvaʊə(ɹ)/verb · B2+To eat hungrily, or to consume completely.
- devout/dɪˈvaʊt/adjective · C1Deeply and sincerely religious.
- dew/d͡ʒuː/noun · B1+The tiny water drops that cover the morning grass.
- dewy/ˈdjuː.i/adjective · C1Looking softly moist and fresh.
- dexterity/dɛksˈtɛɹɪti/noun · B2+Skill in using the hands, or quickness of mind.
- dexterous/ˈdɛkstɹəs/adjective · C1Neat and skilful in handling things.
- diabetes/ˌdaɪəˈbiːtiːz/noun · B1+The illness in which the body cannot control its sugar.
- diabetic/daɪəˈbɛtɪk/noun · B1+Somebody whose body cannot control its sugar levels.
- diabolical[ˌdaɪəˈbɒlɪkəɫ]adjective · C1Worthy of the Devil himself: fiendishly wicked, or cruelly cunning.
- diadem/ˈdaɪ.əˌdɛm/noun · C2A jewelled band worn as a mark of royalty.
- diagnose/ˈdʌɪ.əɡˌnəʊz/verb · C1To work out what illness or fault is present.
- diagnosis/daɪəɡˈnəʊsɪs/noun · C1The doctor's answer to the question of what illness you have.
- diagnostic/daɪ.əɡˈnɒs.tɪk/noun · C1A test that finds where a fault lies.
- diagonal/daɪ̯ˈæɡ(ə)nəl/adjective · B1+Running slantwise from corner to corner.
- diagram/ˈdaɪ.ə.ɡɹæm/noun · B1+A simple drawing that explains how something works.
- dialect/ˈdaɪ.əˌlɛkt/noun · B2+The particular form of a language one region speaks.
- dialectic/ˌdaɪəˈlɛktɪk/noun · C2Reasoning that tests an idea against its opposite.
- dialogue/ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/noun · B1+A conversation, especially one written down.
- dialysis/daɪˈælɪsɪs/noun · B2+A treatment that cleans the blood when the kidneys fail.
- diameter/daɪˈæmɪtə(ɹ)/noun · B2+The straight line across a circle through its very center.
- diametrically/ˌdaɪ.əˈmɛt.ɹɪk.li/adverb · C1Completely and exactly opposite.
- diamond/ˈdaɪ.ə.mənd/noun · B1The hardest precious stone; also a shape on playing cards.
- diaper/ˈdaɪ(ə).pə/noun · B1The absorbent pad a baby wears before learning to use the toilet.
- diaphanous/daɪˈæf.ən.əs/adjective · C2So fine and light that you can see through it.
- diaphragm/ˈdaɪəˌfɹæm/noun · C1The muscle below the lungs that draws breath in.
- diary/ˈdaɪ.ə.ɹi/noun · A2+A book you write the day's events in.
- diaspora/daɪˈæs.pə.ɹə/noun · C1A people scattered far from their homeland.
- diatribe/ˈdaɪ.əˌtɹaɪb/noun · C2A long bitter attack in speech or writing.
- dibs/dɪbz/noun · C1A claim staked on something before anybody else.
- dice/daɪs/noun · A2+A small cube with dots from one to six, thrown in board games.
- dice/daɪs/verb · B1To cut food into small even cubes.
- dichotomy/daɪˈkɒtəmi/noun · C1A sharp division into two opposed parts.
- dictate/ˈdɪkˌteɪt/verb · C1To command with no room for argument; also, to speak text for writing down.
- dictation/dɪkˈteɪʃən/noun · B2+Writing down words exactly as they are spoken.
- dictator/dɪkˈteɪtə/noun · C1A ruler with total power and no check on it.
- dictatorship/ˈdɪktæɪtəʃɪp/noun · B2+Rule by one person with total power and no elections.
- dictionary/ˈdɪk.ʃə.nə.ɹi/noun · A2+The big book that explains what every word means.
- dictum/ˈdɪk.təm/noun · C2A short formal statement laid down as true.
- didactic/daɪˈdæk.tɪk/adjective · C2Meant to teach, often too obviously so.
- die/daɪ/verb · A1To stop living.
- diesel/ˈdiːzəl/noun · B1+A heavy fuel that burns under pressure, without a spark.
- diesel/ˈdiːzəl/noun · B2A locomotive driven by an oil-burning engine.
- diet/ˈdaɪət/noun · B1Everything a person usually eats, or a plan to eat less.
- dietary requirementnoun · B2What a guest can and cannot eat.
- differ/ˈdɪfə/verb · B2To not be the same as something else.
- difference/ˈdɪf.(ə.)ɹəns/noun · A1The way in which two things are not the same.
- different/ˈdɪf.ə.ɹənt/adjective · A1Not like the other one.
- differentiate/dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪt/verb · C1To see or show the difference between things.
- differentiator/dɪf.əˈɹɛn.ʃi.eɪ.tə/noun · C1The thing that makes you unlike your rivals.
- difficult/ˈdɪfɪkəlt/adjective · A1Needing much effort or skill; not easy at all.
- difficulty/ˈdɪfɪkəlti/noun · B1Something hard, or the quality of being hard.
- diffident/ˈdɪfɪdənt/adjective · C2Shy and lacking confidence in yourself.
- diffuse/dɪˈfjuːz/verb · C2To spread light softly in all directions.
- diffusion/dɪˈfjuː.ʒən/noun · C1The spreading of something out through a space.
- dig/dɪɡ/verb · A2To make a hole in the ground with a tool or your paws.
- dig sitenoun · B2The place where ancient remains are being uncovered.
- dig upphrase · B1To bring to the surface, or to uncover an old secret.
- digest/daɪˈd͡ʒɛst/verb · B2To break food down inside your body; also, to absorb news slowly.
- digestion/daɪˈd͡ʒɛst͡ʃən/noun · B1+The long process of your body breaking food down for fuel.
- digestive/daɪˈdʒɛstɪv/adjective · B2+To do with breaking food down in the body.
- digger/ˈdɪɡɚ/noun · B1A machine that scoops earth out of the ground.
- digit/ˈdɪd͡ʒɪt/noun · B1+A single numeral from zero to nine.
- digital/ˈdɪd͡ʒɪtl̩/adjective · B1+Existing on computers and screens rather than on paper.
- digital cameranoun · A2A camera that stores pictures as data rather than on film.
- digital detoxnoun · B2A deliberate break from screens.
- digitisationnoun · B2Turning printed material into computer files.
- dignified/ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪd/adjective · B2Calm and serious in a way that earns respect.
- dignify/ˈdɪɡnɪfaɪ/verb · B2+To give something more worth than it deserves.
- dignity/ˈdɪɡnɪti/noun · B2The quiet inner worth every person carries and deserves to keep.
- digress/daɪˈɡɹɛs/verb · C1To wander off the subject while speaking.
- dike/daɪk/noun · C1A bank built to hold back water.
- dilapidated/dɪˈlæpɪdeɪtəd/adjective · C1In bad repair, with everything crumbling.
- dilatory/ˈdɪlət(ə)ɹi/adjective · C2Slow to act, and inclined to put things off.
- dilemma/daɪˈlɛmə/noun · B2A choice between two options, both of them bad.
- diligence/ˈdɪlɪd͡ʒəns/noun · C1Steady careful effort in your work.
- diligent/ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/adjective · C1Working with steady, careful effort.
- diligently/ˈdɪlɪd͡ʒ(ə)ntli/adverb · C2With steady and careful effort.
- dill/dɪl/noun · B2A feathery herb that goes with fish and pickles.
- dilute/daɪˈljuːt/verb · B2+To weaken a liquid by adding water.
- dilutedadjective · B2+Made weaker by adding water.
- dilution/daɪˈljuːʃən/noun · B2+Weakening a solution by adding more liquid.
- dim/dɪm/adjective · B2Giving only weak, low light.
- dim/dɪm/verb · B2To make a light weaker.
- dim-witted/dɪmˈwɪtəd/adjective · C1Slow to understand things.
- dimension/daɪˈmɛn.ʃən/noun · B2One measurable direction of a thing — or one aspect of an issue.
- dimensional/daɪˈmɛn.ʃə.nəl/adjective · B2+Having to do with measurable extent.
- diminish/dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/verb · C1To shrink steadily in size or importance.
- diminuendo/dɪˌmɪnjuːˈɛndəʊ/noun · C2A passage that fades steadily quieter.
- diminution/dɪmɪˈnjuːʃən/noun · C2A making or becoming smaller.
- diminutive/dɪˈmɪn.jə.tɪv/adjective · C1Extremely small.
- dimple/ˈdɪm.pəl/noun · B1+A small hollow that appears in a cheek when you smile.
- din/dɪn/noun · C1A loud unpleasant noise that goes on and on.
- dine/daɪn/verb · B1+To eat dinner, especially formally.
- diner/ˈdaɪ̯nə/noun · B2A person eating a meal in a restaurant.
- dinghy/ˈdɪŋ.(ɡ)i/noun · B2+A small open boat, often carried by a bigger one.
- dingo/ˈdɪŋɡəʊ/noun · B2+A wild yellowish dog of Australia.
- dingy/ˈdɪn.d͡ʒi/adjective · B2+Dark, dirty and depressing to be in.
- dining carnoun · B2The carriage where meals are served.
- dining room/ˈdaɪnɪŋˌɹum/noun · A1The room in a house where meals are eaten.
- dinner/ˈdɪnə/noun · A1The main meal, eaten in the evening.
- dinosaur/ˈdaɪnəsɔː(ɹ)/noun · A2+A giant animal that lived millions of years ago.
- dint/dɪnt/noun · C2Force or means, in the phrase by hard work.
- dip/dɪp/verb · B1To lower food briefly into a sauce and lift it out.
- diphtheria/dɪfˈθɪə.ɹi.ə/noun · C2A dangerous infection of the throat.
- diplodocusnoun · C2A huge plant-eating dinosaur with a very long neck and tail.
- diploma/dɪˈpləʊmə/noun · B2The official paper that proves you finished a course.
- diplomacy/dɪˈpləʊməsi/noun · B2+Managing relations between countries by talking.
- diplomat/ˈdɪp.lə.mæt/noun · C1The official who represents their country politely abroad.
- dipper/ˈdɪpə/noun · C1A long-handled scoop, or a small diving bird.
- dire/ˈdaɪ̯ə(ɹ)/adjective · B2Extremely serious and urgent — straits, warnings, and need.
- direct/daɪˈɹɛkt/adjective · A2+Going straight there, with nothing in between.
- direct debitnoun · B2An arrangement letting a company take what you owe each month.
- direct flightnoun · B1A flight that does not stop on the way.
- direct reportnoun · C1Somebody who reports to you.
- direction/dɪˈɹɛk.ʃən/noun · A2The way you are going — left, right, or straight ahead.
- directive/daɪˈɹɛk.tɪv/noun · B2+An official instruction telling people what to do.
- directly/dɪˈɹɛk(t).li/adverb · B1In a straight line, or with nothing coming between.
- director/dɪˈɹɛk.tə(ɹ)/noun · A2+The person in charge of how a whole film is made.
- directorate/dɪˈɹɛktəɹət/<a:UK>noun · C1The board that directs an organisation.
- directory/dɪˈɹɛktəɹi/noun · C1A listed set of names, addresses or files.
- dirge/dɜːdʒ/noun · C2A slow mournful piece of music for the dead.
- dirk/dɜːk/noun · C2A short straight dagger.
- dirtieradjective · A2+Less clean than before.
- dirty/ˈdɜːti/adjective · A1Covered in mud, dust, or stains.
- disability/dɪsəˈbɪlɪti/noun · B2A condition that limits what somebody can do.
- disable/dɪsˈeɪbəl/verb · B1+To stop something working, or to injure permanently.
- disabled[dɪsˈɛɪ̯bəɫd]adjective · B2Having a condition that limits movement or the senses.
- disabuse/dɪsəˈbjuːz/verb · C2To rid somebody of a mistaken belief.
- disadvantage/ˌdɪsədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/noun · B2+Something that holds you back compared with others.
- disaffection/dɪsəˈfɛkʃən/noun · C2Loss of loyalty towards those in charge.
- disagree/dɪsəˈɡɹiː/verb · A2+To have a different opinion from someone.
- disagreeable/dɪsəˈɡɹiː.əbəl/adjective · B2Unpleasant, in a thing or a person.
- disagreement/dɪsəˈɡɹiːmənt/noun · B2A failure to share the same view.
- disappear/dɪsəˈpɪə/verb · A2To go out of view completely, like magic.
- disappearance/dɪsəˈpɪəɹəns/noun · B2The act of going out of sight or being lost.
- disappoint/dɪsəˈpɔɪnt/verb · B2To let somebody down by not being what they hoped for.
- disappointed/ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntɪd/adjective · B1Sad because something you hoped for did not happen.
- disappointment/ˌdɪsəˈpɔɪntmənt/noun · B2The feeling when something is worse than hoped.
- disapproval/dɪsəˈpɹuvəl/noun · B2+The feeling that something is wrong or unacceptable.
- disapprove/dɪsəˈpɹuːv/verb · B2To judge that something is wrong.
- disarm/dɪsˈɑː(ɹ)m/verb · B2To take weapons away, or to win somebody over.
- disarmament/dɪsˈɑː(r)məmənt/noun · C1Reducing or giving up weapons by agreement.
- disarmingadjective · C1So charming that it takes away any wish to be hostile.
- disarray/dɪsəˈɹeɪ/noun · C1A state of complete disorder.
- disassemble/dɪs.əˈsɛm.bəl/verb · B2+To take a machine to bits in order.
- disaster reliefnoun · B2Help sent to a place after a catastrophe.
- disastrous/dɪˈzɑː.stɹəs/adjective · C1Bringing ruin or very great harm.
- disband/dɪsˈbænd/verb · C1To break a group up for good.
- disbelief/dɪsbɪˈliːf/noun · B2+The refusal or inability to believe.
- disc/dɪsk/noun · B2A thin flat round object.
- disc brakenoun · B2A brake that grips a metal plate at the hub.
- discard/dɪsˈkɑːd/verb · C1To throw away what you no longer want.
- discern/dɪˈsɜːn/verb · C1To just manage to see or recognize something faint or subtle.
- discernmentnoun · C1The ability to judge well and see fine differences.
- discharge/dɪsˈtʃɑːdʒ/verb · B2To let somebody go, or to release something out.
- disciple/dɪˈsaɪ.pəl/noun · B2A close follower who learns from a teacher.
- disciplinary/ˌdɪsɪˈplɪnəɹi/noun · C1The formal process used when rules are broken.
- discipline/ˈdɪsɪplɪn/noun · B1The firm training that teaches children rules and self-control.
- disclose/dɪsˈkləʊz/verb · C1To make a guarded secret officially known.
- disclosure/dɪsˈkləʊʒə(ɹ)/noun · C1Telling somebody something private and difficult.
- disco/ˈdɪskəʊ/noun · B1+A dated word for a dance venue or party where a DJ plays records, tied to the glittery style of the 1970s.
- discomfit/dɪsˈkʌmfɪt/verb · C2To make somebody uneasy and put out.
- discomfort/dɪsˈkʌmfət/noun · B1+A mild but persistent feeling of pain or unease.
- disconcert/ˌdɪskənˈsɜːt/verb · C1To throw somebody off their balance of mind.
- disconnect/dɪskəˈnɛkt/verb · B2To break a connection.
- disconsolate/dɪsˈkɒnsəlɪt/adjective · C1Too unhappy to be comforted.
- discontent/ˌdɪskənˈtɛnt/noun · C1A restless dissatisfaction with how things are.
- discontinue/ˌdɪskənˈtɪnju/verb · B2+To stop making or doing something for good.
- discord/ˈdɪskɔɹd/noun · C1Disagreement, or a harsh clash of sounds.
- discordant/dɪsˈkɔːdn̩t/adjective · C1Clashing, and not in harmony.
- discount/dɪˈskaʊnt/noun · B1+A cut in the price — twenty percent off!
- discount codenoun · B1A word or number typed in to reduce a price.
- discourse/ˈdɪs.kɔːs/<q:mainly noun>noun · C1The ongoing written and spoken conversation of a field or society.
- discourtesy/dɪsˈkɜːtəsi/noun · C1An act that fails in ordinary politeness.
- discover/dɪˈskʌvə/verb · A2+To find something important that nobody knew about before.
- discovered attacknoun · C1A threat revealed by moving another piece out of the way.
- discovery/dɪˈskʌv.ɹi/noun · A2+The finding of something important nobody knew before.
- discredit/dɪsˈkɹɛd.ɪt/verb · B2+To damage belief in somebody or something.
- discreet/dɪˈskɹiːt/adjective · B2Careful not to attract attention or spill secrets.
- discrepancy/dɪˈskɹɛpənsi/noun · B2+A difference between things that ought to match.
- discretion/dɪˈskɹɛʃən/noun · B2+Good judgement about what to say, and freedom to decide.
- discriminate/dɪˈskɹɪm.ɪ.neɪt/verb · B2+To treat people unfairly because of their group.
- discriminating/dɪsˈkɹɪmɪneɪtɪŋ(ɡ)/adjective · C1Showing fine judgement in taste.
- discrimination/dɪskɹɪmɪˈneɪʃən/noun · C1Treating people worse because of who they are.
- discus/ˈdɪs.kəs/noun · B2+A heavy disc spun and thrown for distance.
- discuss/dɪˈskʌs/verb · A1To talk about a topic seriously with other people.
- discussion/dɪˈskʌʃ.ən/noun · A2+A serious conversation weighing different views.
- disdain/dɪsˈdeɪn/noun · C1Cool, superior dislike.
- disdainful/dɪsˈdeɪn.fəl/adjective · C2Showing that you consider something beneath you.
- disease/dɪˈziːz/noun · A2An illness with a known cause and a name.
- disembark/ˌdɪs.ɪmˈbɑːk/verb · B2+To get off a ship or an aircraft.
- disengage/ˌdɪsɪŋˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/verb · C1To break off contact or connection.
- disentangle[ˌdɪsɪnˈtæŋɡəɫ]verb · C1To free something from a knot or a muddle.
- disgrace/dɪsˈɡɹeɪs/noun · B2The loss of respect that follows shameful behaviour.
- disgraceful[dɪsˈɡɹeɪsfəɫ]adjective · B2So bad it brings shame.
- disgruntled/dɪsˈɡɹʌntl̩d/adjective · C1Annoyed and dissatisfied, usually because you feel you have been treated unfairly.
- disguise/dɪsˈɡaɪz/noun · B2A change of appearance meant to hide who you are.
- disgust/dɪsˈɡʌst/noun · B2The strong sick feeling at something revolting.
- dish/dɪʃ/noun · A1One prepared food — soup is one, pizza is another.
- dishclothnoun · B1A small cloth for wiping plates and surfaces.
- dishearten/dɪsˈhɑː.tən/verb · B2+To take away somebody's hope and courage.
- disheartenedadjective · C1Losing the will to carry on trying.
- dishevelled/dɪˈʃɛvəld/adjective · C1Untidy in hair and clothes, as if blown about.
- dishonest/dɪˈsɒnɪst/adjective · B2Willing to lie or cheat.
- dishonesty/dɪsˈɒnɪ.sti/noun · B2The habit of lying or cheating.
- dishonour/dɪsˈɒnə(ɹ)/noun · B2+Loss of honour and good name.
- dishwasher/ˈdɪʃˌwɒʃə/noun · B1+A machine that washes your plates, cups, and forks for you.
- disillusioned/dɪs.ɪˈluːʒənd/adjective · B2+Disappointed at finding something was not as believed.
- disillusionment/ˌdɪsɪˈluːʒənmənt/noun · C1The bitter loss of a belief you once held.
- disinfect/dɪs.ɪnˈfɛkt/verb · B2+To kill the germs on a surface or a wound.
- disinfectant/dɪs.ɪnˈfɛktənt/noun · C1A cleaning liquid that kills germs.
- disinformation/ˌdɪsɪnfəˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/noun · C1Wrong information spread deliberately to deceive.
- disingenuous/ˌdɪ.sɪnˈd͡ʒɛn.ju.əs/adjective · C1Pretending to be more honest than you are.
- disintegrate/dɪsˈɪntɪɡɹeɪt/verb · B2+To fall apart into pieces.
- disintegration/dɪs.ɪn.tɪˈɡɹeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+The process of falling apart completely until nothing holds together, as rock crumbles to dust or an empire collapses.
- disinterested/(ˌ)dɪsˈɪntɹɪstɪd/adjective · C1Having nothing to gain, and so able to judge fairly.
- disjointed/dɪsˈdʒɔɪn.tɪd/adjective · B2+Not hanging together properly.
- dislike/dɪsˈlaɪk/verb · B1To not enjoy somebody or something at all.
- dislocate/dɪsləʊˈkeɪt/verb · B2+To knock a bone out of its proper joint.
- dislocatedadjective · B2+Pushed out of its proper joint.
- dislodge/dɪsˈlɒdʒ/verb · C1To force something out of its fixed place.
- disloyal[dɪsˈlɔɪ(j)əɫ]adjective · B2+Failing to stand by those you owe faith to.
- disloyalty/dɪsˈlɔɪ.(j)əɫ.ti/noun · B2+A failure to stay faithful to somebody or something.
- dismal/ˈdɪzməl/adjective · C1Gloomy and depressingly bad.
- dismantle/dɪsˈmæntəl/verb · B2+To take a machine or system apart piece by piece.
- dismay/dɪsˈmeɪ/noun · C1Sudden loss of heart at bad news.
- dismember/ˌdɪsˈmɛmbə(ɹ)/verb · C1To cut a body into pieces.
- dismiss/dɪsˈmɪs/verb · B2To wave an idea away without considering it.
- dismissal[dɪsˈmɪsəɫ]noun · C1Being formally removed from your job.
- dismissive/dɪsˈmɪsɪv/adjective · B2+Treating something as not worth considering.
- dismount/dɪsˈmaʊnt/verb · B2To get down from a horse.
- disobedience/dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪəns/noun · B2A refusal to do as you are told.
- disobedient/dɪs.əˈbiː.dɪənt/adjective · B2Refusing to do as a parent, teacher, or owner says, in the way a naughty child or an unruly dog behaves.
- disobey/ˌdɪs.əˈbeɪ/verb · B1+To refuse to do as you are told.
- disorientation/dɪsˌɔːɹɪənˈteɪʃən/noun · C1A confused loss of your sense of place or direction.
- disorientedadjective · B2Having lost your bearings or your sense of things.
- disown/dɪsˈəʊn/verb · C1To refuse any longer to acknowledge a relative.
- disparage/dɪsˈpæɹɪd͡ʒ/verb · C2To speak of somebody as if they were worth little.
- disparagementnoun · C2The belittling of somebody or their work.
- disparate/ˈdɪsp(ə)ɹət/adjective · C1So different in kind that comparison is hard.
- disparity/dɪˈspæɹɪti/noun · B2+A great and often unfair difference.
- dispassionate/dɪsˈpæʃənət/adjective · C1Judging without letting feeling in.
- dispatch/dɪˈspæt͡ʃ/verb · B2To send someone or something off on official business.
- dispatcher/ˈdɪs.pætʃ.ə(ɹ)/noun · B2+The person who takes the call and sends the help.
- dispel[dɪˈspɛɫ]verb · C1To drive away doubts, fears, or myths.
- dispensary/dɪsˈpɛnsəɹi/noun · C1A place where medicines are made up and handed out.
- dispensation/dɪsˌpɛnˈseɪʃən/noun · C2Special permission to be released from a rule.
- dispense/dɪˈspɛns/verb · C1To hand out, or to make up and give medicine.
- dispenser/dɪˈspɛnsə/noun · B1+A device that gives out one portion at a time.
- dispersalnoun · C2The scattering of things over a wide area.
- disperse/dɪˈspɜːs/verb · C1To spread out and scatter in all directions.
- displace/dɪsˈpleɪs/verb · C1To force something — or someone — out of its usual place.
- displacement/dɪsˈpleɪsmɪnt/noun · C1The weight of water a floating hull pushes aside.
- display/dɪsˈpleɪ/noun · B2An arrangement of goods meant to catch the eye.
- display casenoun · B2A glazed cabinet for showing goods.
- displease/dɪsˈpliːz/verb · B2To annoy someone by not being what they wanted.
- displeasure/dɪsˈplɛʒə/noun · B2A feeling of annoyance or disapproval.
- disposable/dɪsˈpəʊzəbl̩/adjective · B2Made to be thrown away after one use.
- disposal/dɪsˈpəʊ.zəl/noun · C1Getting rid of something.
- dispose/dɪsˈpoʊz/verb · C1To get rid of something, in the phrase about throwing it away.
- disposed/dɪˈspoʊzd/adjective · C1Inclined or willing to do something.
- disposition/ˌdɪs.pəˈzɪʃ.ən/noun · B2+The mood or temper a person naturally has.
- dispossess/dɪspəˈzəs/verb · C1To take somebody's property or land away.
- disproofnoun · C2Reasoning that shows something is false.
- disprove/dɪsˈpɹuːv/verb · B2+To show that something is not true.
- dispute/dɪˈspjuːt/verb · B2To say that something said is not true.
- dispute/dɪˈspjuːt/verb · B2To argue that something is not so.
- disqualify/dɪsˈkwɒlɪfaɪ/verb · B2To rule somebody out of a contest or a right.
- disquiet/dɪsˈkwaɪ.ɪt/noun · C1A vague, nagging sense that something is not right, often spreading quietly through a group of people.
- disregard/dɪsɹɪˈɡɑːd/noun · B2Paying no attention to something that matters.
- disreputable/dɪsˈɹɛpjʊtəbəl/adjective · C1Not respectable in character, behaviour or appearance.
- disrepute/dɪsɹɪˈpjuːt/noun · C1The state of having lost people's good opinion.
- disrespect/dɪsɹɪˈspɛkt/noun · B1+Rudeness towards somebody who deserves better.
- disrespectful/dɪs.ɹɪˈspɛkt.fəl/adjective · B1+Showing no proper regard for somebody.
- disrupt/dɪsˈɹʌpt/verb · C1To break the normal flow of things.
- disruption/dɪsˈɹʌpʃən/noun · C1A serious break in the normal course of things.
- disruptive/dɪsˈɹʌptɪv/adjective · B2Breaking up the normal running of things.
- dissatisfaction/dɪsˌsætɪsˈfækʃən/noun · B2+A feeling that something is not good enough.
- dissatisfied/dɪsˈsætɪsˌfaɪd/adjective · B2+Not content with what you have been given.
- dissect/dɪˈsɛkt/verb · C1To cut a body open for study, or to examine in fine detail.
- dissection/dɪˈsɛkʃən/noun · C1The cutting open of a body to study its parts.
- dissemble/dɪˈsɛmbəl/verb · C2To hide your true feelings behind a false show.
- disseminate/dɪˈsɛmɪˌneɪt/verb · C2To spread information widely.
- dissemination/dɪˌsɛmɪˈneɪʃən/noun · C2The spreading of information widely.
- dissension/dɪˈsɛnʃən/noun · C2Angry disagreement within a group.
- dissent/dɪˈsɛnt/noun · C1Open refusal to accept the accepted view.
- dissertation/ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃən/noun · C1The book-length research project written for a doctorate.
- dissident/ˈdɪsɪdənt/noun · C1Someone who openly opposes the ruling power.
- dissimulate/dɪˈsɪmjʊˌleɪt/verb · C2To hide your real feelings by pretence.
- dissipate/ˈdɪsɪpeɪt/verb · C1To scatter and disappear, or to waste away.
- dissociation/dɪˌsəʊʃiˈeɪʃən/noun · C1Feeling cut off from your own body or thoughts.
- dissolution/ˌdɪsəˈl(j)uːʃən/noun · C1The formal ending of a body or a marriage.
- dissolve/dɪˈzɒlv/verb · C1To vanish into a liquid, as sugar does in tea.
- dissonance/ˈdɪsənəns/noun · C1A clash of sounds or of ideas that will not fit.
- dissonant/ˈdɪsənənt/adjective · C2Clashing in sound or in feeling.
- dissuade/dɪˈsweɪd/verb · C1To talk somebody out of doing something.
- distance/ˈdɪst(ə)n(t)s/noun · A2How far apart two places are.
- distance learningnoun · B2Studying a course without attending in person.
- distant/ˈdɪstənt/adjective · B2Far away in space or time.
- distant relativenoun · B2A family member connected only through several steps.
- distaste/(ˌ)dɪsˈteɪst/noun · B2+A mild dislike for something offensive.
- distasteful/dɪsˈteɪstfəɫ/adjective · C1Unpleasant and offensive.
- distend/dɪˈstɛnd/verb · C2To swell out from inside pressure.
- distil/dɪˈstɪl/verb · C1To purify by boiling and condensing, or to reduce to the essence.
- distillation/dɪstɪˈleɪʃən/noun · C2Separating liquids by boiling and cooling the vapour.
- distinct/dɪˈstɪŋkt/adjective · B2Clearly separate and different from the others.
- distinction/dɪˈstɪŋkʃən/noun · C1A grade awarded for outstanding work.
- distinctive/dɪˈstɪŋktɪv/adjective · C1Easy to recognise as different from anything else.
- distinguish/dɪˈstɪŋ.ɡwɪʃ/verb · B2+To tell two similar things apart.
- distort/dɪsˈtɔːt/verb · C1To twist something out of its true shape or meaning.
- distortion/dɪsˈtɔːʃən/noun · B2+A twisting of shape, sound or truth out of true.
- distract/dɪˈstɹækt/verb · B2To pull someone's attention away from what they were doing.
- distracted/dɪˈstɹæk.tɪd/adjective · B1Pulled away from what you meant to attend to.
- distraction/dɪsˈtɹæk.ʃən/noun · B2Something that pulls attention away.
- distraught/dɪsˈtɹɔːt/adjective · B2+So upset you can barely think straight.
- distress/dɪˈstɹɛs/noun · B2Serious trouble, and the call that goes out about it.
- distress signalnoun · B2The call sent when a vessel needs urgent help.
- distribute/dɪˈstɹɪbjuːt/verb · B2To hand shares out to many people or places.
- distribution/ˌdɪstɹɪˈbjuːʃən/noun · B2How values spread out across a range.
- distributornoun · B2+The company that gets copies to the shops.
- district/ˈdɪstɹɪkt/noun · B1One named part of a city with its own character.
- distrust/dɪsˈtɹʌst/noun · B2+A lack of confidence in somebody.
- disturb/dɪˈstɜːb/verb · B2To interrupt someone's peace, sleep, or concentration.
- disturbing/dɪsˈtɜː.bɪŋ/adjective · C1Upsetting and hard to put out of your mind.
- ditch/dɪt͡ʃ/noun · B1A long narrow channel dug to carry water away.
- dither/ˈdɪðə/verb · C1To hesitate and fail to make up your mind.
- dive/daɪv/verb · B2To jump into water head first, arms straight out in front.
- dive inphrase · B2To begin something at once without hesitating.
- diver/ˈdaɪ̯və(ɹ)/noun · B1+Somebody who goes down under water.
- diverge/daɪˈvɜːd͡ʒ/verb · C1To move apart from a common point.
- divergence/daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)d͡ʒəns/noun · C1A moving apart of things that were once together.
- divergent/daɪˈvɜː.d͡ʒənt/adjective · C1Growing apart, or differing from what is usual.
- diverse/daɪˈvɜːs/adjective · B2+Made of many different kinds mixed together.
- diversify/daɪˈvɜː.sɪ.faɪ/verb · C1To spread into a wider range of kinds.
- diversion/daɪˈvɜː.ʃən/noun · B2+A route round a closed road.
- diversion/daɪˈvɜː.ʃən/noun · B2Something staged to distract from the real action.
- diversity/daɪˈvɜː(ɹ)sɪti/noun · B2+The rich mix of different kinds within one group.
- divert/daɪˈvɜːt/verb · C1To turn something from its course — traffic, money, or attention.
- diverted/daɪˈvɜːtəd/adjective · B2+Sent to a different airport than planned.
- divertingadjective · C1Entertaining and taking your mind off things.
- divide/dɪˈvaɪd/verb · B2To cut one whole into smaller parts.
- dividend/ˈdɪvɪdɛnd/noun · B2+The slice of profit paid out to shareholders.
- divination/ˌdɪvɪˈneɪʃən/noun · C2Trying to foretell what is hidden or to come.
- divine/dɪˈvaɪn/adjective · B2Belonging to a god; also, absolutely wonderful.
- diving boardnoun · B1The springboard a diver jumps from.
- divinity/dɪˈvɪnɪti/noun · C1The quality of being a god, or the study of religion.
- division/dɪˈvɪʒn̩/noun · B1The splitting of something into parts, or a section of an organisation.
- divorce/dɪˈvɔːs/noun · B1The legal end of a marriage.
- divulge/daɪˈvʌld͡ʒ/verb · C1To reveal information that was private.
- dizzinessnoun · B2The feeling that everything is spinning.
- dizzy/ˈdɪzi/adjective · A2+Feeling like the room is turning around you.
- djiboutinoun · C1Tiny Horn-of-Africa country guarding the Red Sea's gate.
- dnanoun · B2The twisted ladder molecule that carries the recipe for you.
- do/də/verb · A1The most general word for performing any action at all.
- do away withphrase · C1To get rid of something completely.
- do businessphrase · B1To trade with somebody.
- do harmphrase · B2To cause damage or injury.
- do inphrase · C1To kill somebody, or to wear them out completely.
- do not disturbphrase · B1The sign hung out to keep staff from knocking.
- do upphrase · B2To fasten, or to repair and redecorate.
- do withoutphrase · B2To manage even though you lack something.
- do your bestphrase · A2To try as hard as you possibly can.
- docile/ˈdəʊ.saɪl/adjective · C1Quietly obedient and easy to control.
- dock/dɒk/noun · B1An enclosed area of water where ships are loaded.
- dockyardnoun · B2+Where ships are built and repaired.
- doctor/ˈdɒktə(ɹ)/noun · A1The person you visit when you are ill; they help you get better.
- doctorate/ˈdɒk.tə.ɹɪt/noun · B2+The highest university qualification, won by research.
- doctrine/ˈdɒk.tɹɪn/noun · C1The set of beliefs a religion officially teaches.
- document/ˈdɒkjʊmənt/noun · B1+A paper or file that records information officially.
- documentary/ˌdɒk.jʊˈmɛn.tɹi/noun · B1+A film that tells true stories with real footage.
- documentation/ˌdɒkjʊmɛnˈteɪʃən/noun · C1The papers that record or prove something.
- dodderingadjective · C2Shaky and feeble from old age.
- dodge/dɒd͡ʒ/verb · B1To move quickly aside to avoid something.
- dodgemsnoun · B2Small electric cars driven to bump each other.
- dodgy/ˈdɒd͡ʒ.i/adjective · B2+Not to be trusted, or in poor condition.
- dodo/ˈdəʊdəʊ/noun · B2+A heavy flightless bird now extinct.
- doe/dəʊ/noun · B2A female deer or rabbit.
- doff/dɒf/verb · C2To take off a hat or a garment.
- dog/dɒɡ/noun · A1Man's best friend; it barks and loves walks.
- dogged/dɒɡd/adjective · B2Refusing to give up, however hard it gets.
- doggy bagnoun · B2A container for taking leftovers home.
- dogma/ˈdɒɡ.mə/noun · C1A belief laid down as true and not to be questioned.
- dogmatic/dɒɡˈmæt.ɪk/adjective · C1Insisting on beliefs without allowing question.
- doldrums/ˈdɒldɹəmz/noun · C2A spell of low spirits or of no progress.
- dole/dəʊl/noun · B2+Money paid by the state to those out of work.
- dole outphrase · C2To hand something out in small measured amounts.
- doll/dɒl/noun · A1The toy that looks like a small person.
- doll's housenoun · B1A miniature home with tiny furniture inside.
- dollar/ˈdɒl.ə/noun · A1The money used in the United States.
- dollop/ˈdɒləp/noun · B2+A shapeless lump of something soft.
- dolorous/ˈdɒləɹəs/adjective · C2Full of sorrow.
- dolphin/ˈdɒlf.ɪn/noun · B1A very clever, friendly sea animal that jumps out of the water.
- dolt/dɒlt/<a:UK>noun · C2A stupid person.
- domain/ˌdəʊˈmeɪ̯n/noun · C1The name a site is found at.
- dome/dəʊm/noun · B1+A rounded roof shaped like half a ball.
- domestic/dəˈmɛs.tɪk/adjective · B2To do with the home, or with a country's own affairs.
- domestic flightnoun · B2A flight that stays inside one country.
- domesticate/dəˈmɛ.stɪ.keɪt/verb · C1To tame a wild animal for life alongside people.
- domesticatedadjective · B2+Bred over generations to live with people.
- domesticationnoun · C1The taming of wild animals over generations.
- domesticitynoun · C2Home life and the running of a household.
- domestique/ˌdə(ʊ)mɛˈstiːk/noun · C2A rider whose job is to help the team leader.
- domicile/ˈdɒm.ɪ.saɪl/noun · C1The place somebody legally has their home.
- dominance/ˈdɒmɪnəns/noun · C1Power and control over others.
- dominant/ˈdɒmɪnənt/adjective · B2+Strongest, and controlling the rest.
- dominate/ˈdɒm.ɪ.neɪt/verb · B2To be the strongest force in a place or contest.
- domination/ˌdɒməˈneɪʃən/noun · C1Complete control over others.
- dominican republicnoun · B2Caribbean country of merengue, sharing the island of Hispaniola.
- dominion/dəˈmɪnjən/noun · C1Power to rule, or the lands ruled.
- domino/ˈdɒmɪnəʊ/noun · B1+A flat tile with two halves, each marked with dots.
- dominoes/ˈdɒmɪnəʊz/noun · B1+A game of matching numbered tiles end to end.
- don't judge a book by its coverphrase · B2The saying: appearances tell you little about what is inside.
- don't mention it/dəʊnt ˈmɛn.ʃən ɪt/phrase · B1A modest reply to being thanked.
- donanoun · C2A Spanish courtesy title placed before a lady's given name, the female counterpart of Don.
- donate/də(ʊ)ˈneɪt/verb · B1+To hand over money or goods freely to help a cause.
- donation/dəʊˈneɪʃən/noun · B2Money or goods given freely to help a cause.
- donkey/ˈdɒŋ.ki/noun · B2A grey animal like a small horse with long ears.
- donor/ˈdəʊnə/noun · B2A person who gives blood or an organ to save someone else.
- donor cardnoun · B2A card saying your organs may be used after death.
- donut/ˈdəʊnʌt/noun · A2+The sweet fried ring with a hole in the middle.
- doodle/ˈduːdl̩/noun · B2An aimless drawing made while thinking of something else.
- doom/duːm/noun · B2A terrible fate that cannot be avoided.
- doomscrolling/ˈdumˌskɹolɪŋ/noun · C1Reading bad news online long after it helps.
- door/do(ː)ɹ/noun · A1You open it to walk into a room, and knock on it first.
- doorbell/ˈdɔː.bɛl/noun · A2+Visitors press this button, and you hear ding-dong.
- doorframe/ˈdɔːˌfɹeɪm/noun · B1The wooden or metal border fixed around a doorway, which the door itself hangs on.
- doorknob/ˈdɔː.nɒb/noun · A2+The round handle you turn to open a door.
- doormat/ˈdɔːˌmæt/noun · B1+The rough mat at the entrance where you wipe your shoes.
- doorstep/ˈdɔː(ɹ)stɛp/noun · B1The step right outside your front door.
- doorway/ˈdɔɹweɪ/noun · B2The open space you walk through when you enter a room.
- doping/ˈdoʊpɪŋ/noun · B2+Cheating with forbidden drugs that boost performance.
- dormant/ˈdɔːmənt/adjective · C1Alive but inactive, as sleeping volcanoes and winter seeds are.
- dormer/ˈdɔɹmɚ/noun · C1A small window that sticks out from a sloping roof.
- dormitory/ˈdɔː.mɪ.tɹi/noun · B2+The shared student building full of small bedrooms.
- dormitory bednoun · B2One bed in a room shared with strangers.
- dosage/ˈdəʊsɪd͡ʒ/noun · B2How much medicine to take, and how often.
- dose/ˈdəʊ̯s/noun · B2The measured amount of medicine you take at one time.
- dossier/ˈdɔs.jeɪ/noun · C1A file of collected information about somebody.
- dot/dɒt/noun · A2A tiny round mark.
- dotage/ˈdoʊtɪd͡ʒ/noun · C2The weak-minded state of very great age.
- dote/dəʊt/verb · C1To love somebody so much that you spoil them.
- doting/ˈdəʊtɪŋ/adjective · B2+Showing excessive fondness.
- dotted linenoun · B1A line drawn as a row of separate points.
- double/ˈdʌb.əl/adjective · A2Twice the amount, or made of two parts.
- double agentnoun · B2A spy who is secretly working for both sides.
- double backphrase · B2To turn round and go the way you came.
- double bass/ˈdʌ.bl̩beɪs/noun · B2The biggest and deepest of the bowed string instruments.
- double roomnoun · A2A room with one large bed for two people.
- double shiftnoun · B2Working both the midday and the evening service.
- double takenoun · C1A second look because the first did not register.
- double tracknoun · B2A line with separate rails for each direction.
- double-bookverb · B2To promise the same time slot to two people.
- double-crossverb · B2To betray the very person you were plotting with.
- double-deckernoun · B1A bus with a whole second floor of seats.
- doublet/ˈdʌblət/noun · C2A close-fitting jacket worn by men in past centuries.
- doubly/ˈdʌb.li/adverb · B2+Twice as much, or in two ways at once.
- doubt/daʊt/verb · B1To feel unsure whether something is really true.
- doubt/daʊt/noun · B1The uneasy feeling that something may not be true.
- doubtless/ˈdaʊ̯tləs/adjective · C1Almost certainly.
- dough/dəʊ/noun · B1The soft mix of flour and water you knead before baking.
- doughnut/ˈdəʊnʌt/noun · A2+A sweet fried ring of dough, often glazed or sprinkled.
- doughty/ˈdaʊti/adjective · C2Brave and persistent, in old use.
- dour/ˈdʊə/adjective · C1Stern, gloomy and unsmiling.
- douse/daʊs/verb · C1To put a fire out with water.
- dove/dʌv/noun · B2A white bird that is a symbol of peace.
- dovetail/ˈdʌvteɪl/verb · C1To fit together neatly, as if made for each other.
- dowager/ˈdaʊədʒə/noun · C2A widow holding a title from her late husband.
- dowel/ˈdaʊəl/noun · C1A short wooden peg that joins two pieces invisibly.
- down/ˈdaʊ̯n/noun · A1The soft fluffy feathers closest to a bird's skin.
- down on your luckphrase · B2Going through a bad patch with no money.
- down paymentnoun · B2The first sum paid, with the rest to follow.
- down to earthphrase · B2Practical, modest, and easy to talk to.
- downbeat/ˈdaʊnbiːt/noun · C1The first and strongest beat of a bar.
- downfall/ˈdaʊnfɔːl/noun · B2+The ruin of somebody who was riding high.
- downheartedadjective · C1Low in spirits.
- downhill/ˈdaʊnˌhɪl/adverb · B1+Going down a slope.
- download/ˈdaʊnˌləʊd/verb · A2+To copy a file from the internet onto your own device.
- downpipenoun · C1The vertical pipe taking roof water to the ground.
- downpour/ˈdaʊn.pɔː(ɹ)/noun · B1+A sudden heavy fall of rain.
- downright/ˈdaʊnɹaɪt/adverb · B2Thoroughly, said of something bad.
- downside/ˈdaʊnˌsaɪd/noun · B2+The drawback of something otherwise good.
- downsize/ˈdaʊnsaɪz/verb · C1To cut the number of people a company employs.
- downstairs/daʊnˈstɛɹz/adverb · A2On or to a lower floor.
- downstream/ˌdaʊnˈstɹiːm/adverb · B2+With the flow of a river.
- downtime/ˈdaʊntaɪm/noun · B2+Time when nothing is being done or produced.
- downtown/ˈdaʊ̯nˌtaʊ̯n/noun · B1The busy central part of a city.
- downturn/ˈdaʊntɜːn/noun · B2+A decline in trade or fortunes.
- downward/ˈdaʊnwɚd/adjective · B1+Moving or facing towards a lower place.
- downwards/ˈdaʊnwədz/adverb · B1+Towards a lower place or level.
- downy/ˈdaʊni/adjective · C1Covered in very soft fine hair.
- dowry/ˈdaʊəɹi/noun · B2+Money or goods a bride brings to a marriage.
- dozen/ˈdʌzən/noun · A2A group of exactly twelve.
- dozyadjective · B2Sleepy and slow to react.
- drab/dɹæb/adjective · B2+Dull and colourless.
- drabnessnoun · C2Dull colourlessness with nothing to catch the eye.
- draft/dɹɑːft/noun · B2An early version, not yet finished.
- draftingnoun · C1Riding close behind another to save effort.
- drafty/ˈdɹɑːfti/adjective · B2+Letting cold air blow through.
- drag/dɹæɡ/verb · B1To pull something heavy along the ground behind you.
- drag and dropphrase · B1To move something by holding and releasing it elsewhere.
- dragon/ˈdɹæɡən/noun · A2A huge winged reptile of legend that breathes fire.
- dragonfly/ˈdɹæɡənˌflaɪ/noun · B1+A long-bodied insect with two pairs of glittering wings.
- drain/dɹeɪn/verb · A2To pour away the water and keep the pasta.
- drain covernoun · B2The grate over an opening that takes rainwater.
- drainage/ˈdɹeɪnəd͡ʒ/noun · B2+The removal of water from land or buildings.
- drainpipe/ˈdɹeɪnˌpaɪp/noun · B1The tube carrying rainwater down from the roof.
- drake/ˈdɹeɪ̯k/noun · B2+A male duck.
- drama/ˈdɹɑːmə/noun · A2+A serious story of strong feelings, on stage or on screen.
- dramatic/dɹəˈmætɪk/adjective · B1Sudden and striking, or to do with the theatre.
- dramaticallyadverb · B2+In a striking way, or by a very large amount.
- drape/dɹeɪp/verb · B2To hang cloth loosely over something.
- draper/ˈdɹeɪ.pə(ɹ)/noun · C2A trader who sells cloth.
- drastic/ˈdɹæs.tɪk/adjective · B2Extreme and sudden, with big effects.
- draught/dɹɑːft/noun · C2How deep in the water a loaded boat sits.
- draught/dɹɑːft/noun · B2A current of cold air moving through a room.
- draughts/dɹɑːfts/noun · B2+A board game of jumping and capturing discs.
- draughtsman/ˈdɹɑːftsmən/noun · C1The person who draws technical plans.
- draw/dɹɑ/noun · B1The result when both sides finish with exactly equal points.
- draw/dɹɑ/verb · A1To make a picture with a pen or a soft graphite stick.
- draw a blankphrase · B2To search your memory and find nothing there.
- draw a comparisonphrase · C1To point out how two things are alike.
- draw a conclusionphrase · B2To work out what the evidence shows.
- draw attentionphrase · B2To make people notice something.
- draw the linephrase · B2To decide how far is far enough, and refuse to go past it.
- draw the short strawphrase · C1To be the one landed with the worst job.
- draw upphrase · C1To prepare a document carefully.
- drawbridge/ˈdɹɔːbɹɪd͡ʒ/noun · B2+A bridge that lifts to close a castle off.
- drawer/dɹɔː(ɹ)/noun · A2+The box in a desk or chest that slides out toward you.
- drawing/ˈdɹɔː.ɪŋ/noun · A2A picture made with lines from a pen or a graphite stick.
- drawl/dɹɔːl/verb · C1To speak slowly, drawing the vowels out.
- drawn/dɹɔːn/adjective · C1Looking tense and tired in the face.
- dray/dɹeɪ/noun · C2A low heavy cart for carrying barrels.
- dread/dɹɛd/noun · B2Heavy fear of something bad you know is coming.
- dreadful/ˈdɹɛd.fl̩/adjective · B2Extremely bad or unpleasant.
- dream/ˈdɹiːm/verb · A1To see pictures and stories in your head while sleeping.
- dreamer/ˈdɹimɚ/noun · B2Somebody whose plans run ahead of what is possible.
- dreamy/ˈdɹiː.mi/adjective · B2Lost in thought, or lovely in a hazy way.
- drear/dɹɪə/adjective · C2Dismal and gloomy.
- dreary/ˈdɹɪəɹi/adjective · C1Dull, grey, and joyless.
- dredge/dɹɛd͡ʒ/verb · C1To scoop material up from the bottom of water.
- dregs/dɹɛɡz/noun · C1The sediment at the bottom, or the worst of something.
- drench/dɹɛnt͡ʃ/verb · B2+To soak something completely through.
- drenched/dɹɛnt͡ʃt/adjective · B1+Completely soaked by water.
- dress/dɹes/noun · A1A one-piece item of clothing that covers the body and hangs like a skirt below.
- dress codenoun · B1The standard of clothing an occasion requires.
- dress rehearsalnoun · B2The final practice, done exactly as the real thing.
- dress upphrase · B1To put on your finest clothes — or a costume.
- dressage/ˈdɹɛs.ɑːʒ/noun · C1A test of a horse's precise, trained movements.
- dressing-downnoun · C1A severe telling-off from someone in charge.
- dressmaker/ˈdɹɛsˌmeɪkɚ/noun · B2Somebody who makes clothes for women.
- dressmaker's dummynoun · B2A body-shaped form for fitting garments on.
- dribble/ˈdɹɪ.bəl/verb · B2To run with the ball, tapping it along with feet or bounces.
- drier/ˈdɹaɪɚ/adjective · A2+Containing less moisture.
- drift/dɹɪft/verb · B2To float wherever the current carries you.
- driftwood/ˈdɹɪftwʊd/noun · B2+Worn wood washed up on the beach by the sea.
- drill/dɹɪl/noun · A2+The loud electric tool that makes holes in walls.
- drill/dɹɪl/verb · B1To bore a round hole with a turning tool.
- drill/dɹɪl/noun · B1A repeated exercise for practice or training.
- drill bitnoun · B2The spiral cutter that makes the hole.
- drilling/ˈdɹɪlɪŋ/noun · B2Repeated practice of a movement until it is automatic.
- drilyadverb · C1In a flat voice that hides the joke.
- drink/ˈdɹɪŋk/verb · A1To take water, tea, or juice into your mouth and swallow.
- drinkable/ˈdɹɪŋk.ə.bəl/adjective · B2Safe or pleasant enough to swallow.
- drinker/ˈdɹɪŋkə(ɹ)/noun · B1+Somebody who drinks, especially alcohol.
- drip/ˈdɹɪp/verb · B1To fall in single small drops, as a leaky tap does.
- drip/ˈdɹɪp/noun · B1Liquid escaping one slow drop at a time.
- drive/dɹaɪv/verb · A2To sit behind the wheel and control a car.
- drive-through/ˈdɹaɪvˌθɹu/noun · B1A service where you order and collect without leaving the car.
- drivel/dɹɪv.əl/noun · C1Nonsense talked at length.
- driver/ˈdɹaɪ.və/noun · A1The person behind the wheel of a car, bus, or taxi.
- driveway/ˈdɹaɪvˌweɪ/noun · B1The short private road from the street to your front door.
- drizzle/ˈdɹɪzəl/verb · B2To pour a thin lazy stream of oil or sauce over food.
- droll/dɹəʊl/adjective · C1Amusing in a dry and unusual way.
- drone/dɹəʊn/noun · B1+A small flying machine with no pilot, steered from the ground.
- drone/dɹəʊn/verb · C1To make a low unchanging sound that never stops.
- drool/dɹuːl/verb · B2To let saliva run out of your mouth.
- droop/ˈdɹuːp/verb · B2+To hang down limply through weakness.
- drop/dɹɒp/verb · A2To let something fall from your hands by accident.
- drop byphrase · B2To make a short, casual visit without arranging it.
- drop in the oceanphrase · C1An amount far too small to matter against the need.
- drop offphrase · B1To deliver someone or something on your way; also, to fall asleep.
- drop outphrase · B2To leave a course or a race before finishing.
- dropdownnoun · B1A list that unfolds when you click it.
- droplet/ˈdɹɒplət/noun · B2+A very small drop of liquid.
- dropoutnoun · B2+A student who left school before finishing.
- dropped kerbnoun · C1A lowered edge that lets wheels cross the pavement.
- droppingsnoun · B2+The waste an animal leaves, used to identify it.
- dross/dɹɒs/noun · C2Worthless matter left when something is refined.
- drought/dɹaʊt/noun · B2A long period with no rain at all, when fields dry out and crack.
- drown/dɹaʊn/verb · B1To die under water because you cannot breathe.
- drowning/ˈdɹaʊnɪŋ/noun · B1Dying through being unable to breathe under water.
- drowsy/ˈdɹaʊzi/adjective · B2Heavy-eyed and half asleep.
- drudgery/ˈdɹʌd͡ʒəɹi/noun · C2Dull heavy work that never ends.
- drug/ˈdɹʌɡ/noun · A2+A medicine, or a substance taken for its effect on the mind.
- drum/ˈdɹʌm/noun · B1The round instrument you hit with sticks to keep the beat.
- drum kitnoun · B1The full set of drums and cymbals one player uses.
- drum upphrase · C1To work hard at gathering support or custom.
- drum your fingersphrase · C1To tap the fingers in sequence, impatiently.
- drumheadnoun · C2The tight skin stretched over a drum.
- drumrollnoun · B2+A rapid rumble of drums before a big moment.
- drums/dɹʌmz/noun · A2+The instrument you hit with sticks to keep the beat.
- drunk/dɹʌŋk/adjective · B1Unable to think or move properly after too much alcohol.
- dry/ˈdɹaɪ̯/adjective · A2With no water at all, like a desert.
- dry/ˈdɹaɪ̯/adjective · B2Made without leaving any sweetness behind.
- dry cleanphrase · B1To clean a garment with chemicals instead of water.
- dry cleaning bagnoun · B2The bag left in a room for clothes needing chemical cleaning.
- dry docknoun · C1A basin drained of water so a hull can be worked on.
- dry seasonnoun · B1The months of the year when almost no rain falls.
- dry skinnoun · B1Skin short of moisture, and prone to flaking.
- dry upphrase · B2To lose all moisture, or to run out of things to say.
- dry-cleanverb · B1To clean a garment with chemicals instead of water.
- dual/ˈd͡ʒuː.əl/adjective · C1Having two parts or two purposes.
- dub/dʌb/verb · C1To replace the original speech with another language.
- dubbing/ˈdʌbɪŋ/noun · B2+Replacing the recorded speech with another recording.
- dubious/ˈd͡ʒuː.bi.əs/adjective · C1Looking untrustworthy; deserving doubt.
- duck/dʌk/noun · A2A water bird that says quack.
- duck/dʌk/verb · B1To drop your head to avoid a blow.
- duckling/ˈdʌklɪŋ/noun · A2+A baby duck.
- ductile/ˈdʌk.taɪl/adjective · C1Able to be pulled out into a wire without breaking.
- due/djuː/adjective · B1Expected at a certain time, or owed.
- due datenoun · B1The day something is expected or owed.
- due diligence/ˈdjuː ˌdɪl.ɪ.d͡ʒəns/noun · C1The careful checking done before a deal is signed.
- duel/ˈˈd͡ʒuːəl/noun · B2A formal fight between two people with matched weapons.
- duet/djuˈɛt/noun · B2A song or piece performed by exactly two people.
- dull/dʌl/adjective · B2Lacking brightness or interest.
- dull/dʌl/adjective · B2Having lost its edge.
- dullard/ˈdʌlɚd/noun · C2Somebody slow-witted and boring.
- duly/ˈdʒuːli/adverb · C1As was proper and expected.
- dummy/ˈdʌmi/noun · A2A rubber teat given to a baby to suck.
- dumpling/ˈdʌmp.lɪŋ/noun · B1+A little pocket of dough with a tasty filling, steamed or boiled.
- dun/dʌn/adjective · C2Greyish brown, said of a horse.
- dunce/dʌns/noun · C2A hopelessly slow learner — once made to wear a cone hat.
- dune/djuːn/noun · B1+A hill of sand shaped by the wind.
- dung/ˈdʌŋ/noun · B2Solid animal waste.
- dungarees/ˌdʌŋ.ɡəˈɹiːz/noun · B2+Trousers with a bib and straps over the shoulders.
- duo/ˈdjuː.əʊ/noun · C1A pair who perform or work together.
- duplicate/ˈd(j)uː.plɪ.kət/verb · B2To make an exact second copy.
- duplication/djuː.plɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+The making of an identical copy, or needless repetition.
- duplicity/duˈplɪ.sɪ.ti/noun · C2Saying one thing while meaning another.
- durable/ˈdʊɹəbəl/adjective · C1Lasting a long time under use.
- duration/dʒʊˈɹeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2How long something lasts from start to finish.
- duress/djʊˈɹɛs/noun · C1Force or threats used to make somebody act.
- dusk/dʌsk/noun · B1+The dim time just after the sun goes down.
- dust/dʌst/noun · B1The fine grey powder that slowly covers furniture.
- dust/dʌst/verb · B1To remove the fine powder that settles on things.
- dust jacketnoun · B2The removable paper cover on a hardback.
- dust sheetnoun · B2A cloth spread over furniture while work goes on.
- dustbin/ˈdʌstbɪn/noun · B1+The container household rubbish is put in.
- duster/ˈdʌstɚ/noun · B1+A cloth or brush for removing fine powder.
- dustpan/ˈdʌstpæn/noun · B1+The flat little shovel you sweep dirt into.
- dusty/ˈdʌsti/adjective · B1Covered in the fine grey powder of neglect.
- dutch/dʌt͡ʃ/adjective · B1The language of the flat country of tulips and windmills.
- dutifuladjective · C1Carefully doing what is expected of you.
- duty/ˈdjuː.ti/noun · B1Something you must do because it is your job or your moral obligation.
- duty freenoun · B2Shops selling goods without the usual tax.
- duty-freeadjective · B1Sold without tax in the airport shops between passport control and the gates.
- duvet/d(j)uːˈveɪ/noun · B1+The thick soft quilt you sleep under.
- duvet covernoun · B1The washable bag the quilt slips inside.
- dvdnoun · A1A disc that stores a film to play at home.
- dwarf/dwɔɹf/noun · B2A short strong being of legend, famous for mining and metalwork.
- dwell/dwɛl/verb · C1A poetic word for living somewhere; also, to keep thinking about something painful.
- dwell onphrase · B2To keep thinking about something long past useful.
- dwelling/ˈdwɛl.ɪŋ/noun · B2A house or place where somebody lives.
- dwindle/ˈdwɪn.dəl/verb · B2+To grow steadily smaller until almost nothing is left.
- dye/daɪ/verb · B2To change the colour of hair or cloth with a liquid.
- dyed/daɪd/adjective · B1+Coloured by soaking in a liquid.
- dynamic/daɪˈnæm.ɪk/adjective · B2+Full of driving energy and constant change.
- dynasty/ˈdɪnəsti/noun · B2A line of rulers from one family.
- dysfunction/dɪsˈfʌŋk.ʃən/noun · C2The state of not working as it should — an organ, a family, a system.
- dysfunctionaladjective · C1Not working together as a family should.
- dyslexia/(ˌ)dɪsˈlɛk.si.ə/noun · B2+A difficulty in reading and spelling despite good ability.
- eager/ˈiɡɚ/adjective · B2Full of impatient excitement to start doing something.
- eagerly/ˈiɡɚli/adverb · B2+With excited, impatient enthusiasm.
- eagerness/ˈiɡɚnəs/noun · C1Keen and impatient willingness.
- eagle/ˈiːɡəl/noun · B1A large powerful bird that hunts and sees very well from far away.
- eagle owl/ˈiːɡəl ˈɑʊl/noun · B2A huge owl with orange eyes and ear tufts.
- ear/ˈɪə̯/noun · A1You hear music and voices with this part of your body.
- ear defendersnoun · B2Padded cups that keep loud machine noise out.
- earache/ˈɪə̯ɹeɪk/noun · B1+A pain inside the ear.
- eardrum/ˈɪəˌdɹʌm/noun · B2The tiny skin inside your ear that sound makes tremble.
- earful/ˈɪə(ɹ)fəl/noun · C1An informal blast of angry complaint aimed at somebody who has to stand and take it, named from the receiving side rather than the speaker's.
- earlobenoun · B1+The soft hanging part at the bottom of your ear.
- early/ˈɜːli/adjective · A1Before the expected time.
- early birdphrase · B2A person who happily wakes at dawn.
- earmark/ˈɪəmɑːk/verb · C1To set something aside for a particular purpose.
- earmuffsnoun · B1+Two pads on a band that keep the ears warm.
- earn/ɜːn/verb · A2+To receive money in return for the work you do.
- earnest/ˈɝ.nɪst/adjective · C1Deeply sincere and serious about what you do.
- earpiece/ˈɪəpiːs/noun · C1The small speaker worn in one ear.
- earplug/ˈɪəplʌɡ/noun · B1+A small plug worn to protect hearing at loud shows.
- earring/ˈɪəɹɪŋ/noun · B1+A piece of jewelry that hangs from the side of your head.
- earsplittingadjective · B2So loud it hurts to listen.
- earth/ɜːθ/noun · A1The blue planet we all live on.
- earthenware/ˈəːθ(ə)nwɛː/noun · C1Thick pottery fired at a low heat.
- earthquake/ˈɜːθkweɪk/noun · B1When the ground itself suddenly shakes and buildings tremble.
- earthworm/ˈɜː(ɹ)θˌwɜː(ɹ)m/noun · B1+A long soft creature that eats its way through soil.
- earthy/ˈɜː.θi/adjective · B2+Smelling of soil and damp woodland.
- earwig/ˈɪə(ɹ)wɪɡ/noun · B2+A brown insect with pincers at its rear end.
- ease offphrase · C1To become less strong or less intense.
- easel/ˈiː.z(ə)l/noun · B2The three-legged stand that holds a painting while it is made.
- easier/ˈiː.zi.ə/adjective · A2Less difficult than something else.
- easier said than donephrase · B2The plan sounds simple but will be hard in practice.
- east/iːst/noun · A1The direction where the sun comes up.
- eastbound/ˈistbaʊnd/adjective · B1+Travelling towards where the sun rises.
- eastern/ˈiː.stən/adjective · B1Belonging to the side where the sun comes up.
- eastward/ˈist.wɚd/adverb · B2+Towards where the sun rises.
- easy/ˈiːzi/adjective · A1Needing no great effort or skill.
- easygoingadjective · B1+Relaxed and not easily bothered.
- eat/iːt/verb · A1To put food in your mouth, chew it, and swallow it.
- eat your wordsphrase · C1To have to admit that what you said was wrong.
- eau de toilette/ˌəʊ də twɑːˈlɛt/noun · C1A light scent, weaker than perfume.
- eaves/iːvz/noun · C1The part of a roof that overhangs the wall.
- eavesdrop/ˈiːvzˌdɹɒp/verb · B2To listen secretly to what others are saying.
- ebb/ɛb/verb · C2To flow back out, as the tide does.
- ebon/ˈɛbən/adjective · C2Deep black, in poetic use.
- ebony/ˈɛb.ən.i/noun · B2+A very hard black wood.
- ebullience/ɪˈbʊl.i.əns/noun · C2Bubbling high spirits.
- ebullient/ɪˈbʊliənt/adjective · C2Overflowing with cheerful energy.
- eccentric/ɪkˈsɛntɹɪk/adjective · C1Charmingly odd, living by your own strange rules.
- eccentricity/ˌɛk.sɛnˈtɹɪs.ɪ.ti/noun · C2Odd behaviour that harms nobody.
- echelon/ˈɛʃ.ə.lɒn/<a:RP>noun · C2One level in a ranked organisation.
- echo/ˈɛk.əʊ/noun · B2Your own shout coming back to you from a wall or a mountain.
- echo chambernoun · C1A space where you hear only your own opinions back.
- echolocation/ˌɛkoʊloʊˈkeɪʃən/noun · C2Finding objects by listening to the echo of your own sound.
- eclectic/ɛkˈlɛk.tɪk/adjective · C1Drawing on many different sources and styles.
- eclipse/ɪˈklɪps/noun · B2When the moon hides the sun, and day goes briefly dark.
- ecological/ˌiːkəˈlɒd͡ʒɪkl̩/adjective · C1To do with living things and their surroundings.
- ecologist/iːˈkɒləd͡ʒɪst/noun · B2+A scientist who studies living things and their surroundings.
- ecology/ɪˈkɒl.ə.d͡ʒi/noun · B2+The study of how living things relate to their surroundings.
- economic/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪk/adjective · B1+To do with money, trade and the wealth of a country.
- economics/ˌiːkəˈnɒmɪks/noun · B2+The study of money, markets, and how people trade.
- economist/ɪˈkɒn.ə.mɪst/noun · B2+A person who studies how money and trade behave.
- economy/ɪˈkɒ.nə.mi/noun · B1+All the buying, selling, and working of a country seen as one machine.
- economy classnoun · B1The cheapest and most crowded cabin.
- ecosystem/ˈiːkəʊˌsɪstəm/noun · B2+A community of living things and their home, working as one system.
- ecotourism/ˌiːkəʊˈtʊəɹɪz(ə)m/noun · C2Travel that aims to protect the places it visits.
- ecstasy/ˈɛkstəsi/noun · B2+An overwhelming feeling of joy.
- ecstatic/ɛkˈstætɪk/adjective · B2+So wildly happy you can barely stand still.
- ecstaticallyadverb · C1With overwhelming joy.
- ecuadornoun · B1+The Andean country named after the line that circles the middle of the planet.
- eddy/ˈɛd.i/noun · C1A small whirling movement in water or air.
- edge/ɛd͡ʒ/noun · B1The line where something stops and the drop or the outside begins.
- edge/ɛd͡ʒ/noun · B1The line where two faces of a solid meet.
- edgy/ˈɛd͡ʒi/adjective · B2Tense and on the point of snapping, or daringly new.
- edible/ˈɛdɪbəl/adjective · B1+Safe to eat.
- edible mushroomnoun · B2A fungus that can safely be eaten.
- edict/ˈiː.dɪkt/noun · C1A command issued by somebody in authority.
- edification/ˌɛdɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/noun · C2Instruction that improves the mind or morals.
- edifice/ˈɛd.ɪ.fɪs/noun · C2A large imposing building, or a great system of ideas.
- edify/ˈɛdɪfaɪ/verb · C2To improve somebody morally or intellectually.
- edit/ˈɛdɪt/verb · B2To change a picture or a film after it was recorded.
- edit downphrase · B2To shorten a piece by cutting the weaker parts.
- edition/ɪˈdɪʃ(ə)n/noun · B2One version of a book as printed at a given time.
- editor/ˈɛd.ɪ.tə/noun · B1+The person who corrects and improves texts before they are published.
- editor/ˈɛd.ɪ.tə/noun · B1+The person who cuts the shots together into a story.
- editorial/ˌɛdɪˈtɔːɹɪəl/noun · B2+The article where the newspaper itself gives its opinion.
- educate/ˈɛd͡ʒ.ʊˌkeɪt/verb · B1+To teach somebody over a long period.
- educated/ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɪd/adjective · B1Having had a good deal of schooling.
- education/ˌɛd͡ʒ.ʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/noun · A2+The whole process of teaching and learning through life.
- educational/ˌɛd͡ʒ.ʊˈkeɪ.ʃə.nəl/adjective · B1+To do with teaching, or teaching you something.
- educator/ˈɛd͡ʒəkeɪtɚ/noun · C1Somebody whose work is teaching.
- eel/iːl/noun · B1+A long snake-like fish.
- eerie/ˈɪəɹi/adjective · B2Strange in a quietly frightening, ghostly way.
- effect/ɪˈfɛkt/noun · A2+The change something causes.
- effective/ɪˈfɛktɪv/adjective · B1+Actually producing the result it was meant to produce.
- effectiveness/ɪˈfɛk.tɪv.nɪs/noun · C1How well something achieves its purpose.
- effectual/iˈfɛkt͡ʃuəl/adjective · C2Producing the result that was intended.
- effervescent/ˌɛfəˈvɛsənt/adjective · C1Giving off bubbles, or bubbling over with high spirits.
- efficacious/ˌɛf.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃəs/adjective · C2Producing the result it is meant to produce.
- efficiency/ɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/noun · B2Getting the most done with the least waste.
- efficient/ɪˈfɪʃənt/adjective · B2Getting the result without wasting time or energy.
- efficientlyadverb · B2+With no waste of time or effort.
- effigy/ˈɛfəd͡ʒi/noun · C1A model of a person, often burnt in protest.
- effort/ˈɛf.ət/noun · B1The energy and hard try you put into something.
- effortless/ˈɛfə(ɹ)tlɪs/adjective · C1Done so well it looks easy.
- effortlessly/ˈɛf.ət.ləs.li/adverb · B2+Easily, and with no apparent strain.
- effrontery/ɪˈfɹʌntəɹi/noun · C2Shameless boldness that offends.
- effusionnoun · C2An outpouring, of liquid or of feeling.
- effusive/ɪˈfjuːsɪv/adjective · C2Showing feeling far more freely than is usual.
- egalitarian/ɪˌɡæl.ɪˈtɛə.ɹi.ən/adjective · C2Holding that everybody should be equal.
- egg/ɛɡ/noun · A1A white oval food that comes from a hen; boil it or fry it.
- eggplant/ˈɛɡ.plænt/noun · A2+The shiny purple vegetable shaped like a big teardrop.
- ego/ˈiɡo/noun · B2Your sense of your own worth and importance.
- egotistical/ˌi.ɡoʊˈtɪs.tɪk.(ə)l/adjective · C1Talking and thinking about yourself far too much.
- egregious/ɪˈɡɹiː.d͡ʒəs/adjective · C1Outstandingly bad.
- egress/ˈiːɡɹɛs/noun · C2A way out, or the act of going out.
- egret/ˈiːɡɹɪt/noun · C1A long-legged white wading bird.
- egyptnoun · A2+The country of the pyramids and the river Nile.
- eight/eɪt/noun · A1The number of legs a spider has.
- eighteen/ˈeɪ(t).tin/noun · A1The number that comes after seventeen.
- eighty/ˈeɪ.ti/noun · A1Eight times ten.
- eject/ɪˈd͡ʒɛkt/verb · B2To throw something out with force.
- ejection/əˈd͡ʒɛk.ʃən/noun · B2+The forcing out of a person or object by sudden physical action, such as a pilot being thrown clear of an aircraft.
- eke outphrase · C2To make a small supply last, or to scrape a living.
- el salvadornoun · B2The smallest and most crowded Central American country.
- elaborate/ɪˈlæb.(ə.)ɹət/adjective · B2Rich in careful, complicated detail.
- elaborate/ɪˈlæb.(ə.)ɹət/verb · B2To give more detail about what you have said.
- elaborate/ɪˈlæb.(ə.)ɹət/verb · B2To say more about a point already made.
- elaborationnoun · C1The adding of more detail to something.
- elapse/ɪˈlæps/verb · C1To pass, as time does.
- elastic/ɪˈlæstɪk/noun · C1A band that stretches and springs back.
- elastic/ɪˈlæstɪk/adjective · B1Able to return to shape after being stretched.
- elasticity/ɪ.læsˈtɪs.ɪ.ti/noun · C2How well skin springs back into shape.
- elated/ɪˈleɪtɪd/adjective · C2Lifted up with sudden joy.
- elation/ɪˈleɪʃən/noun · C2A great rush of joy and pride.
- elbow/ˈɛlbəʊ̯/noun · A2The joint in the middle of your arm that lets it bend.
- elder/ˈeldə/adjective · B1Older than the other one, especially of two people in a family.
- elder relativenoun · B2An older member of the family, treated with respect.
- elderly/ˈɛldɚli/adjective · B2A polite word for people who are quite old.
- elect/ɪˈlɛkt/verb · B2To choose somebody for a post by voting.
- election/ɪˈlɛkʃ(ə)n/noun · B1+The day a whole country chooses its leaders.
- elective/ɪˈlɛktɪv/noun · B2+A course you choose freely rather than must take.
- electoral/ɪˈlɛk.tə.ɹəl/adjective · C1To do with elections and voting.
- electorate/ɪˈlɛktəɹət/noun · B2+Everyone entitled to vote in an election.
- electric/ɪˈlɛktɹɪk/adjective · A2Working on the power that flows through wires.
- electric fencenoun · B1A wire that gives a small shock to keep animals in.
- electrician/ɪˌlɛkˈtɹɪʃ(ə)n/noun · B2The professional who safely repairs the wires in your walls.
- electricity/ˌiːlɛkˈtɹɪsɪti/noun · A2+The invisible force in wires that lights lamps and runs machines.
- electrify/ɪˈlɛktɹɪfaɪ/verb · B2To thrill a crowd, or to run current through something.
- electrode/əˈlɛk.tɹəʊd/noun · C2A conductor through which current enters or leaves.
- electron/ɪˈlɛk.tɹɒn/noun · B2+The tiny negative particle circling the center of every atom.
- electronic/ˌɛl.ɛkˈtɹɒn.ɪk/adjective · A2+Working by circuits and small components.
- electronically/ˌɛl.ɛkˈtɹɒn.ɪk.li/adverb · B2+By means of computers or electric circuits.
- electronics/ˌɛl.ɛkˈtɹɒn.ɪks/noun · B2The study of circuits and the devices built from them.
- elegance/ˈɛl.ɪ.ɡəns/noun · B2Graceful good taste in style or in thought.
- elegant/ˈɛləɡənt/adjective · B2Beautiful in a graceful, expensive-looking way.
- element/ˈɛlɪmənt/noun · B1+One of the pure basic substances on the famous numbered table.
- element/ˈɛlɪmənt/noun · B1One part of a whole.
- elemental/(ˌ)ɛləˈmɛntəl/adjective · B2+Belonging to the basic forces of nature.
- elementary/ˌɛlɪˈmɛntəɹi/adjective · B2Of the simplest and most basic kind.
- elephant/ˈɛlɪfənt/noun · A1The biggest land animal, with a long trunk and big ears.
- elephant in the roomphrase · C1The huge obvious problem everyone politely ignores.
- elephantine/ɛl.əˈfæn.tin/adjective · C2Enormous and heavy in the way of the largest land animal.
- elevate/ˈɛləveɪt/verb · C1To lift to a higher position or status.
- elevation/ˌɛlɪˈveɪʃn̩/noun · C1A drawing of one flat face of a building.
- elevator/ˈɛləˌveɪtə/noun · A2The small moving room that carries you up a tall building.
- eleven/ɪˈlɛv.ən/noun · A1Ten plus one.
- elf/ɛlf/noun · B1A slender magical being of woods and northern legend.
- elicit/ɪˈlɪsɪt/verb · C1To skillfully draw out a response or information.
- eligibility/ˌɛl.ɪ.d͡ʒəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/noun · B2+Meeting the conditions for something.
- eligible/ˈɛl.ɪ.d͡ʒɪ.bəl/adjective · C1Meeting the conditions to be allowed in.
- eliminate/ɪˈlɪm.ɪ.neɪt/verb · B2To remove completely, leaving nothing behind.
- elimination/ɪlɪmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n/noun · B2+The removing of somebody or something completely.
- elite/ɪˈliːt/noun · C1The small group at the top of a society or field.
- elitist/ɪˈliːtɪst/adjective · C1Favouring a select few over everybody else.
- elixir/ɪˈlɪksə(ɹ)/noun · C1A liquid said to cure everything or grant long life.
- elk/ɛlk/noun · B1+A very large deer of northern forests.
- ellipse/ɪˈlɪps/noun · C1A regular oval, like a squashed circle.
- elm/ɛlm/noun · B2A tall hedgerow tree, once common before disease.
- elongate/ɪˈlɒŋ.ɡeɪt/verb · C1To make something longer.
- elope/ɪˈləʊp/verb · C1To run away secretly in order to marry.
- eloquence/ˈɛl.ə.kwəns/noun · B2+The power of speaking fluently and movingly.
- eloquent/ˈɛl.əˌkwənt/adjective · B2+Speaking so beautifully that words become power.
- else/ɛls/adverb · A1Other than the one already mentioned.
- elsewhere/ˌɛlsˈʍɛə/adverb · B2In or to some other place.
- elucidate/ɪˈl(j)uːsɪdeɪt/verb · C1To make something clear by explaining it.
- elude/ɪˈljuːd/verb · C1To escape from somebody, or from your memory.
- elusive/ɪˈl(j)uː.sɪv/adjective · C1Always slipping away just before you catch it.
- emaciated/əˈmeɪ.ʃi.eɪ.tɪd/adjective · C1Painfully thin from hunger or illness.
- email/ˈiːmeɪl/noun · A2+An electronic letter sent from one inbox to another.
- emanate/ˈɛm.əˌneɪt/verb · C1To flow out from a source.
- emancipate/ɪˈmæn(t)sɪpeɪt/verb · C1To set somebody free from bondage or restraint.
- emancipation/ɪˌmæn.səˈpeɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+The freeing of people from slavery or control.
- embankment/ɪmˈbæŋkmənt/noun · B2+A raised path or road built along a river.
- embankment/ɪmˈbæŋkmənt/noun · C1A raised bank of earth carrying a railway.
- embargo/ɪmˈbɑɹɡoʊ/noun · C1An official ban on trading with a certain country.
- embargo/ɪmˈbɑɹɡoʊ/noun · C1An agreement not to publish before a set time.
- embark/ɪmˈbɑːk/verb · C1To board a ship, or to begin a grand undertaking.
- embarrass/ɪmˈbæɹəs/verb · B1To make somebody feel awkward and self-conscious.
- embarrassed/ɪmˈbæɹ.əst/adjective · B1Red-faced because something awkward happened to you in front of people.
- embarrassing/ɪmˈbæɹ.ə.sɪŋ/adjective · B1Making somebody feel awkward and self-conscious.
- embarrassment/ɪmˈbæɹ.əs.mənt/noun · B1An uncomfortable feeling of shame in front of others.
- embassy/ˈɛmbəsi/noun · B2Your country's official house inside a foreign country.
- embattled/ɛmˈbætl̩d/adjective · C1Under attack from all sides.
- embed/ɪmˈbɛd/verb · C1To fix something firmly inside something else.
- embellish/ɪmˈbɛlɪʃ/verb · C1To decorate, or to add invented details to a story.
- ember/ˈɛm.bə/noun · B2+A glowing piece left when a fire dies down.
- embersnoun · B2+The glowing pieces left when flames die down.
- embezzle/ɪmˈbɛz.əl/verb · C1To steal money that was placed in your care.
- embezzlement/ˌɪmˈbɛzəlmənt/noun · C1Stealing money you were trusted to look after.
- emblazon/ɪmˈbleɪzən/verb · C1To display a design boldly on something.
- emblem/ˈɛmbləm/noun · B2+A design that stands for a country or a group.
- embody/ɪmˈbɒdi/verb · C1To be the living example of an idea.
- embolden/ɛmˈbəʊld(ə)n/verb · C1To give somebody the courage to act.
- emboss/ɪmˈbɒs/verb · C1To raise a design above a flat surface.
- embrace/ɛmˈbɹes/verb · B2To happily accept a new idea or change.
- embrace/ɛmˈbɹes/verb · B2To put your arms right around somebody.
- embroider/ɪmˈbɹɔɪdɚ/verb · B2+To sew a design onto cloth, or to add invented detail.
- embroidery/ɪmˈbɹɔɪdəɹi/noun · B2+The craft of decorating cloth with pictures in thread.
- embroil/ɪmˈbɹɔɪl/verb · C1To drag somebody into a quarrel or a mess.
- embryo/ˈɛmbɹi.əʊ/noun · B2+A living thing at its very first stage, before birth or hatching.
- emerald/ˈɛm.(ə.)ɹəld/adjective · B2A deep brilliant green.
- emerald/ˈɛm.(ə.)ɹəld/noun · B1+A deep green precious stone.
- emerge/ɪˈmɜːd͡ʒ/verb · B2To come out into view from somewhere hidden.
- emergence/ɪˈmɜː.d͡ʒ(ə)ns/noun · C1The act of coming into view or into being.
- emergency/ɪˈmɜː(ɹ).dʒən.si/noun · A2A sudden dangerous situation needing action at once.
- emergency exitnoun · B1The marked door used only when everyone must get out fast.
- emery/ˈɛməɹi/noun · C1A hard dark mineral used as an abrasive.
- emigrate/ˈɛmɪɡɹeɪt/verb · B2+To leave your own country to settle in another.
- emigrationnoun · B2+The leaving of your own country to settle elsewhere.
- eminence/ˈɛmɪnəns/noun · C2High standing and reputation in a field.
- eminent/ˈɛmɪnənt/adjective · C2Highly respected at the top of a profession.
- emir/ɛˈmɪə(ɹ)/noun · C1An Arab prince or commander who rules one of the small Gulf states.
- emissary/ˈɛmɪs(ə)ɹi/noun · C1Somebody sent with a message or a mission.
- emission/ɪˈmɪʃ.ən/noun · B2+The gases sent up into the air by engines and factories.
- emit/iˈmɪt/verb · B2+To send out light, sound, heat, or gas.
- emoji/ɪˈməʊ.dʒi/noun · A2A tiny picture in a message that shows a feeling or a thing.
- emotion/ɪˈməʊ.ʃən/noun · B1A strong feeling such as love, fear, or anger.
- emotional/ɪˈməʊʃənəl/adjective · B1Full of feeling, or easily moved by it.
- emotionally/ɪˈməʊʃənəli/adverb · B2In a way that involves strong feeling.
- empathetic/ˌɛmpəˈθɛtɪk/adjective · B2+Feeling what others feel as if from inside them.
- empathiseverb · B2+To feel what somebody else is feeling.
- empathy/ˈɛmpəθi/noun · B2+Truly feeling what another person feels, as if from inside them.
- emperor/ˈɛmp(ə)ɹə/noun · B1A man who rules an empire.
- emphasis/ˈɛmfəsɪs/noun · B2+Extra weight or attention given to one thing over others.
- emphasize/ˈɛm.fə.saɪz/verb · B2+To press hard on a point so nobody misses it.
- emphatically/ɪmˈfætɪkli/adverb · B2+In a way that leaves no doubt of your feeling.
- emphysema/ˌɛmfɪˈsiːmə/noun · C1A lung condition that leaves somebody permanently short of breath.
- empire/ˈɛm.paɪ̯ə̯/noun · B2A group of countries ruled by one power.
- empirical/ɪmˈpɪɹɪkəl/adjective · C1Based on observed evidence and experiment, not pure theory.
- employee/ˌɛm.plɔɪˈiː/noun · A2+A person who is paid to work for a company.
- employer/ɪmˈplɔɪə/noun · B1+The company or person that pays people to work.
- employment/ɪmˈplɔɪmənt/noun · B1+Having paid work, or the giving of it.
- empower/ɪmˈpaʊ.ə/verb · C1To give somebody the power or confidence to act.
- empress/ˈɛmpɹəs/noun · B1+A woman who rules an empire.
- emptinessnoun · B2The state of containing nothing.
- empty/ˈɛm(p).ti/adjective · A2With nothing at all inside.
- empty-handedadjective · B2Bringing or taking away nothing.
- emu/ˈiːmjuː/noun · B1+A tall flightless Australian bird.
- emulate/ˈɛm.jʊ.leɪt/verb · C2To copy somebody because you admire them.
- emulation/ˌɛm.jʊˈleɪ̯.ʃən/noun · C2The copying of somebody admired in order to match them.
- emulsify/ɪˈmʊlsɪfaɪ/verb · C2To mix two liquids that do not naturally combine.
- emulsionnoun · C1Tiny drops of one liquid spread through another.
- en passant/ˌɒ̃ pæˈsɒ̃/<a:RP><ref:[https://dictionary.cambridge.org/pronunciation/english/en-passant Cambridge Dictionary]>noun · C1A special capture of a pawn that has just passed by.
- en pointeadverb · C2Balanced on the very tips of the toes.
- en suite/ɒ̃ ˈswiːt/adjective · B2Having its own bathroom attached.
- enable/ɪˈneɪ.bəl/verb · B2To make something possible that was not before.
- enact/ɪˈnækt/verb · C1To make a proposal into law.
- enamel/ɪˈnæməl/noun · B2+A hard glassy coating melted onto metal.
- enamoured/ɛˈnæməd/adjective · C1Filled with fondness for someone or something.
- enchant/ɪnˈt͡ʃænt/verb · B2To delight somebody, or to put them under a spell.
- enchanter/ɪnˈtʃɑːntə/noun · B2+Somebody who works magic spells.
- enchantment/ɪnˈt͡ʃænt.mənt/noun · B2+A spell that changes or charms.
- enchantress/ɪnˈt͡ʃæntɹɪs/noun · C1A woman who charms by magic or by beauty.
- encircle/ɪnˈsɜːkl̩/verb · B2+To surround an enemy completely.
- enclave/ˈɛnkleɪv/noun · C1A small area surrounded by different territory.
- enclose/ənˈkloʊz/verb · B2+To shut something in on all sides, or to put it in with a letter.
- enclosed/ənˈkloʊzd/adjective · B2+Shut in on every side.
- enclosure/ɛnˈkloʊʒəɹ/noun · B2+Any fenced-off piece of land.
- encompass/ɪnˈkʌmpəs/verb · C1To include a wide range within its scope.
- encore/ˈɒŋkɔː/noun · B2+The extra song the crowd's cheering pulls the band back to play.
- encounter/ɪnˈkaʊntə/verb · B2To meet someone or run into a problem unexpectedly.
- encourage/ɪnˈkʌɹ.ɪd͡ʒ/verb · B1To give someone the confidence to try.
- encouragement[ɪnˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒmənt]noun · C1Words or acts that give somebody heart.
- encouraging/ɪnˈkʌɹɪd͡ʒɪŋ/adjective · B2Giving hope that things will go well.
- encroach/ɪŋˈkɹəʊtʃ/verb · C1To move gradually into space that is not yours.
- encrustedadjective · C1Covered with a hard or jewelled layer.
- encryption/ɪnˈkɹɪpʃən/noun · B2+Scrambling data into secret code only the right key can unlock.
- encumber/ɪnˈkʌmbə(ɹ)/verb · C2To burden somebody so they cannot move freely.
- encumbrance/ɪnˈkʌm.bɹəns/noun · C2Something that weighs you down and gets in the way.
- encyclopedia/ɪnˌsaɪkləˈpiːdi.ə/noun · B1+A reference work covering many subjects in articles.
- end to endphrase · B2Joined so that the ends meet.
- end upphrase · B1To finally arrive in a situation you never planned.
- endangered/ɪnˈdeɪn.d͡ʒəd/adjective · B2So few left that the whole kind may soon vanish.
- endearment/ɪnˈdɪəɹ.mənt/noun · C1A word or act showing affection.
- endeavour/ɪnˈdɛv.ə/verb · C1To try hard to achieve something.
- endemic/ɛnˈdɛm.ɪk/adjective · C1Regularly found in one place or group.
- endgame/ˈɛnd.ɡeɪm/noun · B2+The final stage, when few pieces are left.
- endnote/ˈɛndˌnoʊt/noun · B2A note gathered at the end of a chapter or book.
- endorse/ɪnˈdɔːs/verb · C1To publicly declare your support for a person or product.
- endorsement/ɪnˈdɔːɹs.mənt/noun · C1A public statement of support, often paid for.
- endorsement/ɪnˈdɔːɹs.mənt/noun · B2+A well-known person publicly backing a product.
- endothermic/ˌɛndəʊˈθəːmɪk/adjective · C1Taking in heat as it reacts.
- endow/ɪnˈdaʊ/verb · C1To give a lasting gift of money, or a natural gift.
- endowment/ɪnˈdaʊmənt/noun · C1A gift of money that keeps producing income.
- endpapernoun · C1The sheet pasted inside a book's cover.
- endpointnoun · C1One particular address an interface answers on.
- endue/ɪnˈdjuː/verb · C2To provide somebody with a quality or a power.
- endurance/ɪnˈdjʊəɹəns/noun · B2The power to keep going long after it starts to hurt.
- endure/ɪnˈd͡ʒʊə(ɹ)/verb · B2To suffer through something painful without giving up.
- enemy/ˈɛnəmi/noun · A2Somebody who wants to harm you or fights against you.
- energy/ˈɛnəd͡ʒi/noun · A2The power that makes everything move, shine, and heat up.
- enervate/ˌɛn.ə(ɹ)ˈveɪt/verb · C2To drain somebody of energy.
- enfoldverb · C1To wrap something round and hold it close.
- enforce/ɪnˈfoɹs/verb · C1To make people actually follow a rule, with power behind it.
- enforcement/ɪnˈfɔːsm(ə)nt/noun · C1Making sure a rule is actually obeyed.
- engage/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ/verb · B2To capture attention and involvement; also, to hire.
- engagement/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ.mənt/noun · B1The promise period between proposing and the wedding.
- engagement/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒ.mənt/noun · C1A fight between opposing forces.
- engaging/ɪnˈɡeɪd͡ʒɪŋ/adjective · C1Charming, and holding your attention.
- engender/ɪnˈdʒɛn.də/verb · C2To give rise to a feeling or a situation.
- engine/ˈɛnd͡ʒɪn/noun · A2The machine inside a car that burns fuel and makes it move.
- engineer/ˌɛn(d)ʒɪˈnɪə/noun · A2+A person who designs and builds machines, bridges, or software.
- engineer corpsnoun · C1The soldiers who build bridges and clear obstacles.
- engineering/ˌɛn(d)ʒɪˈnɪə.ɹɪŋ/noun · B1+The study of designing and building machines and structures.
- englandnoun · A1The largest UK nation, land of tea and the Three Lions.
- english/ˈɪŋ.ɡlɪʃ/adjective · A1The world language you are learning in this game right now.
- engrave/ɪnˈɡɹeɪv/verb · B2+To cut letters or a design into a hard surface.
- engravingnoun · B2+A design cut into a hard surface.
- engross/ɪnˈɡɹəʊs/verb · C1To take up somebody's whole attention.
- engrossed/ɛnˈɡɹoʊst/adjective · C1Completely taken up by what you are doing.
- engulf/ɪŋˈɡʌlf/verb · B2+To swallow something up completely.
- enhance/ɪnˈhɑːns/verb · B2To lift the quality or value of something higher.
- enhancement/ɪnˈhɑːns.mənt/noun · B2+Something that makes a thing better.
- enigma/ɪˈnɪɡmə/noun · B2+A person or thing that nobody can work out.
- enigmatic/ˌɛnɪɡˈmætɪk/adjective · B2+Mysterious and hard to interpret.
- enjoin/ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪn/verb · C2To order somebody to do something.
- enjoyable/ɛnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.ə.bl̩/adjective · B2Giving pleasure.
- enjoyment/ɪnˈd͡ʒɔɪ.mənt/noun · B1+The pleasure taken in doing something.
- enlighten/ɪnˈlaɪtən/verb · B2+To give somebody understanding of something.
- enlightenment/ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/noun · C1The age when reason was placed above tradition.
- enlightenment/ɪnˈlaɪtənmənt/noun · C1The state of complete spiritual understanding.
- enlist/ɛnˈlɪst/verb · B2+To join the armed forces voluntarily.
- enmesh/ɛnˈmɛʃ/verb · C2To tangle somebody up in something they cannot get free of.
- enmity/ˈɛn.mɪ.ti/noun · C2Deep and lasting hostility.
- ennui/ɒnˈwiː/noun · C2Weariness caused by having nothing that interests you.
- enormity/ɪˈnɔːmɪti/noun · C1The shocking scale of something very wrong.
- enormous/ɪˈnɔː.məs/adjective · A2+Far larger than usual.
- enough/ɪˈnʌf/adjective · A1As much as is needed and no more.
- enquiry/ɪnˈkwaɪə.ɹi/noun · B2+A question asked, or an official investigation.
- enraged/ɛnˈɹeɪ̯d͡ʒd/adjective · B2+Filled with violent anger.
- enrapturedadjective · C2Filled with overwhelming delight.
- enrich/ɪnˈɹɪt͡ʃ/verb · C1To make something better by adding value to it.
- enrichment/ɪnˈɹɪt͡ʃ.mənt/noun · B2+The making of something better or fuller.
- enroll/ɪnˈɹəʊl/verb · B1+To officially sign up as a student or member.
- enrollment/ənˈɹəʊl.mənt/noun · B1+Officially signing up to join a school or course.
- ensconce/ɛnˈskɒns/verb · C2To settle comfortably and securely in a place.
- ensemble/ˌɒ̃nˈsɒ̃m.bl̩/noun · B2+A group performing together as one.
- ensemble/ˌɒ̃nˈsɒ̃m.bl̩/noun · B2+The whole company dancing together.
- enslave/ɪnˈsleɪv/verb · B2+To make somebody a slave.
- ensnare/ɛnˈsnɛə/verb · C1To catch somebody in a trap.
- ensue/ɪnˈsjuː/verb · C1To happen as a result of what went before.
- ensure/ɪnˈʃɔː(ɹ)/verb · B2To make certain it happens, leaving nothing to chance.
- entail/ɛnˈteɪl/verb · C1To have as a necessary part or consequence.
- entail/ɛnˈteɪl/verb · C1To make something follow as a necessity.
- entangle/ɪnˈtaŋ.ɡəl/verb · C2To catch something up in knots it cannot escape.
- enter/ˈɛntə(ɹ)/verb · A2To go into a place.
- enterprise/ˈɛntəˌpɹaɪz/noun · C1A bold undertaking, or a business venture.
- entertain/ˌɛntəˈteɪn/verb · B1To amuse people, or to have guests in your home.
- entertaining/ˌɛntəɹˈteɪnɪŋ/adjective · B2Amusing and enjoyable to watch.
- entertainment/ˌɛn.təˈteɪn.mənt/noun · B1Performance provided to give people pleasure.
- enthralverb · C1To hold somebody's attention completely.
- enthuse/ɛnˈθjuːz/verb · C2To speak about something with keen excitement.
- enthusiasm/ɪnˈθuziæzəm/noun · B2Keen and lively interest in something.
- enthusiast/ɪnˈθuːziˌæst/noun · C1Somebody with a keen interest in a subject.
- enthusiasticallyadverb · B2+With keen and eager interest.
- entice/ɪnˈtaɪs/verb · C1To tempt someone by offering something delightful.
- enticing/ɛnˈtaɪsɪŋ/adjective · B2+Tempting enough to draw you in.
- entire/ɪnˈtaɪə/adjective · B1From the first bit to the last, with nothing left out.
- entirely/ɪnˈtaɪəli/adverb · B1Completely, with nothing left out.
- entitle/ənˈtaɪtəl/verb · C1To give somebody a right, or to give a work its name.
- entitled/ɪnˈtaɪtl̩d/adjective · B2Having a right to something, or expecting one without cause.
- entitlement/ənˈtaɪtəlmənt/noun · C1Something you have a right to receive.
- entity/ˈɛn.tə.ti/ [-tʰi]noun · C1A thing with its own separate existence.
- entourage/ˈɒn.tʊ.ɹɑːʒ/noun · B2+The group of helpers who travel with an important person.
- entrails/ˈɛn.tɹeɪlz/noun · C1The inner organs of an animal or a person.
- entrance/ˈɛn.tɹəns/noun · B1The way into a building.
- entrancingadjective · C1So delightful that it holds you spellbound.
- entreat/ɪnˈtɹiːt/verb · C2To beg somebody earnestly.
- entreaty/ɪnˈtɹiːti/noun · C1An earnest and humble request.
- entrenchmentnoun · C2Being dug in so firmly that change is very hard.
- entrepreneur/ˌɒn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜː/noun · B2+A person who starts their own company and takes the risk it brings.
- entrepreneurship/ˌɒn.tɹə.pɹəˈnɜːʃɪp/noun · C1The art and risk of building your own business.
- entropy/ˈɛntɹəpi/noun · C1The steady drift of order into disorder.
- entrust/ɪnˈtɹʌst/verb · B2+To hand something over to somebody's care.
- entry/ˈɛntɹi/noun · B1The moment a diver meets the water.
- enumerate/ɪˈnjuː.məˌɹeɪt/verb · C1To list things one by one.
- enunciate/ɪˈnʌnsiˌeɪt/verb · C1To pronounce each word slowly and very clearly.
- envelop/ɛnˈvɛləp/verb · C2To wrap something up completely, as fog does a town.
- envelope/ˈɛnvə(ˌ)ləʊp/noun · A2The paper pocket a letter travels in.
- enviable/ˈɛn.vi.ə.bl̩/adjective · C1Good enough that others would like to have it.
- envious/ˈɛnviːəs/adjective · B2Wishing painfully that you had what another person has.
- environment/ɪnˈvaɪ.ɹə.mənt/noun · B1The natural world around us — air, water, land, and living things.
- environmental/ɪnˌvaɪ.ɹə(n)ˈmɛn.təl/adjective · B1+To do with the natural world and its protection.
- environmentalistnoun · B2+Somebody who works to protect the natural world.
- envisage/ɪnˈvɪzɪd͡ʒ/verb · C1To picture in your mind how the future could be.
- envoy/ˈɛn.vɔɪ/noun · C1An official messenger between governments.
- envy/ˈɛnvi/noun · B2The quiet pain of wanting exactly what another person has.
- enzyme/ˈɛn.zaɪm/noun · B2+One of the body's tiny worker molecules that speed every process.
- eon/ˈi.ɑn/noun · B2+An immensely long period of time.
- ephemera/ɪˈfɛməɹə/noun · C2Printed odds and ends never meant to be kept.
- ephemeral/ɛˈfɛ.mə.ɹəl/adjective · C2Lasting only a very short while.
- epicnoun · B2A long poem telling of heroes and great deeds.
- epicentre/ˈɛpɪˌsɛntɚ/noun · B2+The point right above where a quake starts.
- epicure/ˈɛpɪkjʊə/noun · C2Somebody with refined taste in food and drink.
- epidemic/ˌɛpɪˈdɛmɪk/noun · C1An illness racing through one region or country at once.
- epigram/ˈɛpɪɡɹæm/noun · C2A short clever saying with a sting in it.
- epilepsy/ˈɛpɪlɛpsi/noun · B2+A condition of the brain that causes fits.
- epilogue/ˈɛp.ɪ.lɒɡ/noun · B2+A closing section added after the main story.
- epipennoun · C1An injector carried against a severe allergic reaction.
- epiphany/ɪˈpɪfəni/noun · C1A sudden flash of understanding that changes everything.
- episode/ˈɛp.ɪ.səʊd/noun · B1One instalment of a continuing series.
- epitaph/ˈɛp.ɪˌtɑːf/noun · C1The words written on a gravestone.
- epitome/əˈpɪt.ə.mi/noun · C1The perfect example of a quality — elegance itself in one person.
- epitomiseverb · C1To be the perfect example of something.
- epoch/ˈiːpɒk/noun · C1A period marked off by a great event.
- epoxy/ɪˈpɒk.si/noun · C2A two-part glue that sets into a very strong joint.
- equable/ˈɛk.wə.bəl/adjective · C2Even-tempered, or steady and mild in climate.
- equal/ˈiːkwəl/adjective · B1The same in size, number, or value.
- equality/ɪˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/noun · B1+The state of everyone having the same rights and chances.
- equanimity/ˌɛkwəˈnɪmɪti/noun · C2Calmness of mind under pressure.
- equation/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/noun · C1A mathematical statement with an equals sign balancing two sides.
- equation/ɪˈkweɪ.ʒən/noun · B2A written statement of what a reaction turns into what.
- equator/ɪˈkweɪ.tə/noun · B1+The imaginary line around Earth's middle, halfway between the poles.
- equestrian/ɪˈkwɛs.tri.ən/adjective · C1Having to do with riding horses.
- equidistant/ˌɛk.wɪˈdɪs.tənt/adjective · C1The same distance from two or more points.
- equilibrium/ɛkwɪˈlɪbɹɪəm/noun · C2The state where opposing forces balance perfectly.
- equinox/ˈɛkwɪnɒks/noun · B2+One of the two days when day and night are equal.
- equip/ɪˈkwɪp/verb · B2+To supply somebody with what they need.
- equipment/ɪˈkwɪpmənt/noun · A2+The tools and machines a job needs.
- equitable/ˈɛk.wɪ.tə.bəl/adjective · C1Fair to everybody involved.
- equity/ˈɛk.wɪ.ti/noun · C1The share of a company that its owners actually hold.
- equity/ˈɛk.wɪ.ti/noun · C1Fairness that takes different needs into account.
- equivalent/ɪˈkwɪvələnt/noun · B2Something equal in value or meaning to another.
- equivocal/əˈkwɪvəkəl/adjective · C1Worded so that it could be taken either way.
- equivocation/ɪˌkwɪvəˈkeɪʃən/noun · C2Sliding between two meanings of a word mid-argument.
- era/ˈɪə.ɹə/noun · B2A long period of history with its own character.
- eradicate/ɪˈɹæd.ɪ.keɪt/verb · B2+To destroy something completely and for good.
- eraser/ɪˈɹeɪzə/noun · A2+The small soft block that removes writing mistakes.
- erect/ɪˈɹɛkt/verb · C1To build something upright, or to set it up.
- erection/ɪˈɹɛkʃən/noun · C1The putting up of a structure.
- eritreanoun · C1Red Sea country north of Ethiopia, capital Asmara.
- ermine/ˈɜːmɪn/noun · C2The white winter fur of a stoat, used to trim robes.
- erode/ɪˈɹəʊd/verb · B2+To wear something away little by little.
- erosion/ɪˈɹəʊʒən/noun · B2+The slow eating away of land by wind and water.
- erotic/ɪˈɹɒtɪk/adjective · B2+Concerned with sexual desire.
- err/ɜː/verb · C1To make a mistake.
- errand/ˈɛɹənd/noun · B1A small trip out to get one thing done — post, bank, or bread.
- erratic/ɪˈɹætɪk/adjective · C1Jumping about with no steady pattern.
- erstwhile/ˈɜː(ɹ)st.waɪl/adjective · C2Belonging to a former time.
- erudite/ˈɛɹ.ʊ.daɪt/adjective · C2Deeply learned from long study.
- erudition/ˌɛɹʊˈdɪʃən/noun · C2Great learning gathered from books.
- erupt/ɪˈɹʌpt/verb · B2To burst out violently, as volcanoes and tempers do.
- eruption/ɪˈɹʌpʃən/noun · B2The explosive moment a mountain of fire blows its top.
- escalate/ˈɛs.kə.leɪt/verb · C1To pass a problem up to someone more senior.
- escalation/ˌɛs.kəˈleɪ.ʃən/noun · B2+A sharp increase in scale or seriousness.
- escalator/ˈɛs.kə.leɪ.tə/noun · B1+The moving metal steps in shopping centers and stations.
- escapade/ˈɛskəˌpeɪd/noun · C1A wild adventure that breaks the rules a little.
- escape/ɪˈskeɪp/verb · A2To get free and away from a place holding you.
- escapologist/ˈɛs.kəˌpɒl.ə.dʒɪst/noun · C1A performer who frees themselves from chains.
- escarpment/ɪˈskɑːp.mənt/noun · C2A long steep slope at the edge of high ground.
- eschew/ɛsˈt͡ʃuː/verb · C2To keep away from something on principle.
- escort/ˈɛs.kɔɹt/noun · B2People who go with somebody to guard or accompany them.
- escutcheon/ɪˈskʌt͡ʃən/noun · C2The shield on which a coat of arms is shown.
- esoteric/ˌiː.səʊˈtɛɹ.ɪk/adjective · C1Understood only by a small circle of initiates.
- especially/ɪˈspɛʃ.(ə.)li/adverb · A2More than in any other case.
- espionage/ˈɛs.pi.əˌnɑːʒ/noun · C1The work of spying on another state or company.
- esplanade/ˈɛspləˌneɪd/noun · C1A long open level walk beside water.
- espouse/ɪˈspaʊz/<a:UK>verb · C1To take up and support a cause.
- espresso/ɛˈspɹɛsəʊ/noun · B1+A tiny cup of very strong black coffee.
- espy/ɪˈspaɪ/verb · C2To catch sight of something at a distance.
- essay/ˈɛs.eɪ/<qq:sense 1><a:RP,GA>noun · B1+A short piece of writing that presents your thoughts on one topic.
- essayist/ˈɛ.seɪ.ɪst/noun · B2A writer of short pieces arguing a view.
- essence/ˈɛsəns/noun · C1The deepest core that makes a thing what it is.
- essential/ɪˈsɛn.ʃəl/adjective · B1+So important that things cannot work without it.
- essentially/ɪˈsɛnʃəli/adverb · B2At bottom, when you strip away the details.
- establish/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/verb · B2To found something meant to last; also, to prove a fact firmly.
- establishment/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/noun · C1Setting something up, or the people in power.
- estate/ɪˈsteɪt/noun · B2A large piece of land with houses on it, owned as one thing.
- estate agentnoun · B2A person who sells and rents property for others.
- estate carnoun · B2A long car with a big load space behind the seats.
- estate salenoun · B2A sale of the contents of a house after a death.
- esteem/ɪˈstiːm/noun · B2+The respect in which somebody is held.
- estimate/ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/verb · B2To judge a number roughly without measuring exactly.
- estimate/ˈɛs.tɪ.mət/noun · B2A written statement of what a piece of work will probably cost.
- estimation/ˌɛs.tɪˈmeɪ.ʃən/noun · C1A rough judgement of size or worth, or the regard you are held in.
- estonianoun · B1+The most northern Baltic country, famous for its digital government.
- estrange/ɪˈstɹeɪnd͡ʒ/verb · C1To turn somebody who was close into a stranger.
- estrangedadjective · C1No longer in contact with a relative.
- estrangement/ɪsˈtɹeɪnd͡ʒmənt/noun · C1The state of having drifted out of contact.
- estuary/ˈɛstjʊəɹi/noun · B2+The wide mouth where a river meets the sea.
- eswatininoun · C2Small African kingdom formerly called Swaziland.
- etch/ɛt͡ʃ/verb · C1To cut a design into a surface using acid.
- etching/ˈɛt͡ʃ.ɪŋ/noun · C2A design bitten into metal with acid.
- eternal/ɪˈtɜː.nl̩/adjective · B1Lasting for ever, without beginning or end.
- eternity/ɪˈtɜːnɪti/noun · B1Time without any end at all.
- ether/ˈiː.θə/noun · C1A light flammable liquid once used to put patients to sleep.
- ethereal/ɪˈθɪə.ɹɪ.əl/adjective · C1So delicate and light it seems not of this world.
- ethic/ˈɛθ.ɪk/noun · B2+A guiding moral principle.
- ethical/ˈɛθɪkəl/adjective · B2Following what is morally right.
- ethics/ˈɛθ.ɪks/noun · B2The study and rules of right and wrong conduct.
- ethiopianoun · B1+The East African highland country where coffee was first discovered.
- ethnic/ˈɛθ.nɪk/adjective · B2+To do with a people sharing descent and culture.
- ethos/ˈiːθɒs/noun · C2The spirit and values that mark a community.
- etiquette/ˈɛt.ɪˌkɛt/noun · B2+The accepted rules of polite behaviour.
- etymology/ˌɛtɪˈmɒləd͡ʒi/noun · C1The study of where words come from.
- eucalyptus/ˌjuː.kəˈlɪp.təs/noun · B2+An Australian tree with pale peeling bark and oily leaves.
- eulogy/ˈjuː.lə.d͡ʒi/noun · C1A speech praising somebody who has died.
- eunuch/ˈjuː.nək/noun · C1A castrated man, often a palace servant.
- euphemism/ˈjuː.fəˌmɪz.əm/noun · C2The soft polite phrase that hides a hard truth — passed away, let go.
- euphemistic/ˌjuːfəˈmɪstɪk/adjective · C2Using a gentle word in place of a blunt one.
- euphoria/juːˈfɔː.ɹi.ə/noun · C2A wave of happiness so intense you feel you could float.
- euphoric/juːˈfɒɹɪk/adjective · C2Feeling an intense, almost dizzy happiness.
- euro/ˈjʊəɹəʊ/noun · A2+The shared money of France, Germany, and their neighbors.
- evacuate/ɪˈvæk.ju.eɪt/verb · B2To move everybody out of a dangerous place.
- evacuation/ɪˌvækjuˈeɪʃən/noun · B2Moving people, especially children, away from danger.
- evacuation drillnoun · C1The practice of leaving a building safely.
- evacuation plannoun · B2The arrangements for getting everybody out safely.
- evacuation routenoun · B2The marked way out in an emergency.
- evacuation slidenoun · C1The inflatable chute for leaving an aircraft fast.
- evade/ɪˈveɪd/verb · B2+To slip away from capture, questions, or taxes.
- evaluate/ɪˈvaljʊeɪt/verb · B2To judge carefully how good or valuable something is.
- evanescent/ɛvəˈnɛs(ə)nt/adjective · C2Vanishing almost as soon as it appears.
- evaporate/ɪˈvæp.ə.ɹeɪt/verb · B2+To turn to vapour and disappear.
- evaporation/ɪˌvæpəˈɹeɪʃən/noun · B2+Liquid quietly turning to gas, the way puddles vanish in the sun.
- evasion/ɪˈveɪʒən/noun · B2+The act of dodging a question or a duty.
- evasive/ɪˈveɪsɪv/adjective · B2+Dodging questions instead of answering them.
- eve/iːv/noun · B1The day or night just before a special day, like December 31st.
- even/ˈiːvən/adjective · B1Describing a number that divides exactly by two.
- even sophrase · B2Despite that, this is still true.
- even-handedadjective · C1Treating all sides fairly.
- evening/ˈiːv.nɪŋ/noun · A1The part of the day when the sun goes down and dinner is served.
- evenly/ˈiːvənli/adverb · B1+In equal amounts, or at a steady rate.
- evenly spacedphrase · B2With the same gap between each one.
- event/ɪˈvɛnt/noun · A1Something that happens, especially something planned.
- eventfuladjective · B2+Full of things happening.
- eventide/ˈiːvənˌtaɪd/noun · C2The evening, in poetic use.
- eventually/ɪˈvɛn.t͡ʃuː.ə.li/adverb · B1In the end, after a long time or many delays.
- everlasting/ˌɛvəˈlɑːstɪŋ/adjective · B2Continuing on and on with no end at all, said above all of love, peace, and flowers that keep their colour when dried.
- every cloud has a silver lining[eːvɹi kʰlɑʊd hæz ə sɪlvɚ laiːnɪŋ]phrase · B2The saying: something good hides in every bad situation.
- every now and thenphrase · B1Occasionally, without any pattern.
- evict/ɨˈvɪkt/verb · B2+To force somebody out of a property by law.
- eviction/ɪˈvɪk.ʃən/noun · B2+Being legally forced out of the home you rent.
- evidence/ˈɛv.ɪ.dəns/noun · A2+The facts and objects that show what really happened.
- evidence/ˈɛv.ɪ.dəns/noun · B1Facts brought forward to support a claim.
- evidence bagnoun · B2The sealed bag that keeps a found item untampered.
- evil/ˈiːvəl/adjective · B1Deeply morally bad — the villain in every story.
- evince/iˈvɪns/verb · C2To show a feeling or quality clearly.
- evoke/ɪˈvəʊk/verb · C1To call up a memory or feeling, as an old song does.
- evolution/ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n/noun · B2The slow change of living things across millions of years.
- evolutionary/ˌiː.vəˈl(j)uː.ʃən.ɹi/adjective · C1Happening by slow development over generations.
- evolve/ɪˈvɒlv/verb · B2+To change gradually into something more developed.
- ewe/juː/noun · C1An adult female sheep.
- ewer/ˈjuː.ə/noun · C2A large jug for holding water.
- ex-husbandnoun · B1A man a woman was married to before.
- exacerbate/ɪɡˈzæsɚˌbeɪt/verb · C1To make a bad situation worse.
- exact/ɪɡˈzækt/adjective · A2+Completely correct down to the smallest detail.
- exacting/ɪɡˈzæktɪŋ/adjective · C1Demanding great care and effort.
- exactly/ɪɡˈzæk(t).li/adverb · A2In every detail, with nothing off.
- exactnessnoun · C1Complete precision with no error.
- exaggerate/ɛɡˈzæd͡ʒ.ə.ɹeɪt/verb · B2To describe something as far bigger than it really was.
- exaggeration/ɪɡˌzæd͡ʒəˈɹeɪʃən/noun · B2+A statement that makes something sound greater than it is.
- exalt/ɪɡˈzɒlt/verb · C2To praise somebody very highly.
- exaltation/ˌɛɡ.zɔlˈteɪ.ʃən/noun · C2A state of intense joy, or being raised in rank.
- exalted/ɪɡˈzɔːltɪd/adjective · C2Raised to a very high rank or state.
- exam/ɪɡˈzæm/noun · A2+The big important test at the end of a course.
- examine/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/verb · B1To look at something very closely and carefully.
- examine/ɪɡˈzæmɪn/verb · B1To study something carefully in detail.
- examinee/ɪɡˌzæmɪˈniː/noun · B2Somebody sitting a test.
- example/ɪɡˈzɑːm.pəl/noun · A1One case shown so people understand the whole kind.
- exasperate/ɪɡˈzæsp(ə)ɹeɪt/verb · C1To irritate somebody past all patience.
- exasperated/ɪɡˈzæspəɹeɪtɪd/adjective · C1Worn out by something that keeps going wrong.
- exasperationnoun · C2The worn-out irritation of dealing with something impossible.
- excaliburnoun · B2+The named sword of King Arthur.
- excavation/ˌɛkskəˈveɪʃn/noun · B2+The careful digging up of a buried site.
- excavator/ˈɛkskəˌveɪtə/noun · B2+A machine with a jointed arm and bucket for digging.
- exceed/ɪkˈsiːd/verb · B2To go past a limit or beat an expectation.
- excel/ɪkˈsɛl/verb · B2+To be outstandingly good at something.
- excellence/ˈɛksələns/noun · C1The quality of being outstandingly good.
- excellent/ˈɛk.sə.lənt/adjective · A2Extremely good; among the best.
- exception/əkˈsɛpʃən/noun · B2An error a program raises so something else can handle it.
- exceptional/ɪkˈsɛpʃənəl/adjective · C1Far better or far more unusual than the rest.
- exceptionally/ɪkˈsɛp(t)ʃənəli/adverb · B2+To an unusually great degree.